从自动备份中恢复spfile和控制文件

六. SPFILE的备份与恢复

在本文开篇我们提到，Oracle把Spfile也纳入到Rman的备份恢复策略当中，如果你配置了控制文件自动备份(autoback)，那么Oracle会
在数据库发生重大变化(如增减表空间)时自动进行控制文件及Spfile文件的备份。

下面我们来看一下这个过程:
a. 设置控制文件自动备份:

[oracle@jumper oracle]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311) RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog old RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> exit

这个设置可以在数据库中通过如下方式查询得到:

[oracle@jumper bdump]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Jan 17 01:08:05 2004 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production SQL> select * from v$rman_configuration; CONF# NAME VALUE ---------- ------------------------- ---------- 1 CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON

 

 

b. 记录数据库变化

SQL> create tablespace eygle 2 datafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf' 3 size 5M; Tablespace created.

 

如果新创建一个表空间，这时候检查alert<sid>.log文件，你可以在其中发现这样的备份信息:

Sat Jan 17 00:55:57 2004 Starting control autobackup Control autobackup written to DISK device handle '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/c-1052178311-20040117-00' Completed: create tablespace eygle datafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf’

 

如果使用rman进行备份，在提示中你可以看到如下信息:

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on; old RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> run 2> { 3> allocate channel ch1 type disk format='e:/oracle/orabak/penny%t.arc'; 4> backup archivelog all delete all input; 5> release channel ch1; 6> } allocated channel: ch1 channel ch1: sid=13 devtype=DISK Starting backup at 02-DEC-03 current log archived channel ch1: starting archive log backupset channel ch1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set input archive log thread=1 sequence=63 recid=168 stamp=511712617 input archive log thread=1 sequence=64 recid=169 stamp=511712620 input archive log thread=1 sequence=65 recid=170 stamp=511712626 input archive log thread=1 sequence=66 recid=171 stamp=511712690 channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 02-DEC-03 channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 02-DEC-03 piece handle=E:/ORACLE/ORABAK/PENNY511712693.ARC comment=NONE channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 channel ch1: deleting archive log(s) archive log filename=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/PENNY/ARCHIVE/1_63.DBF recid=168 stamp=511712617 archive log filename=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/PENNY/ARCHIVE/1_64.DBF recid=169 stamp=511712620 archive log filename=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/PENNY/ARCHIVE/1_65.DBF recid=170 stamp=511712626 archive log filename=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/PENNY/ARCHIVE/1_66.DBF recid=171 stamp=511712690 Finished backup at 02-DEC-03 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03 piece handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-3627775766-20031202-01 comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03 released channel: ch1

 

我们简单看一下自动备份的控制文件及spfile文件的格式及命名规则:
c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ
c ------------------------控制文件
IIIIIIIIII---------DBID
YYYYMMDD------------时间戳
QQ----------------------序号00-FF，16进制表示

 

c. 使用自动备份恢复spfile文件

[oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311) RMAN> restore spfile to '/tmp/spfileeygle.ora' from autobackup; Starting restore at 17-JAN-04 using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=18 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117 channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-01 channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete Finished restore at 17-JAN-04 RMAN> exit Recovery Manager complete. [oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/spfileeygle.ora -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 3584 1月 17 09:34 /tmp/spfileeygle.ora

你同样可以通过这种方法恢复控制文件，示例如下:

[oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311) RMAN> restore controlfile to '/tmp/control01.ctl' from autobackup; Starting restore at 17-JAN-04 using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=10 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117 channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-02 channel ORA_DISK_1: controlfile restore from autobackup complete Finished restore at 17-JAN-04 RMAN> exit Recovery Manager complete. [oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/control* -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1892352 1月 17 09:44 /tmp/control01.ctl

Oracle9i自动备份控制文件的功能给我们带来了极大的收益,通过自动备份,在数据库出现紧急状况的时候,你可能可以从这个自动备份中获得更
为有效及时的控制文件.

缺省的,这个自动备份功能是关闭的,你可以用我们上面提到的方法打开该功能.