自考英语二笔记 Unit1

前记

letters n.信；字母；文学
British man of letters.
英国文学家。

outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的；显著的，突出的；
He is unarguably an outstanding man.
毋庸置疑，他是一个出色的人。
unarguably adv.不容置疑地

literature n.文学，文学作品；
She lectures in Russian literature.
她讲授俄罗斯文学。

poet n.诗人
He is a very underrated poet.
他是个严重被低估了的诗人。
poem n.诗，韵文

essayist n.论说文作家，杂文作家，散文家
Bacon was a famous essayist.
培根是着名的散文家。
essay n.（学生为某门课程所写的）短文，论说文； （用来刊登的）散文，随笔；

biographer n.传记作者
biography n.传记，传记文学；生平

lexicographer n.词典编纂者

arguably adv.可论证地，按理
Venus was arguably a cozier habitat for life than earth.
可以说金星是比地球更舒适的生命栖息地。
cozier adj.温暖舒适的（cozy 的比较级形式）
habitat n.（动植物的）生活环境，栖息地

distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的；高贵的，尊贵的
He was the progenitor of a family of distinguished actors.
他是一个著名演艺世家的先辈。
progenitor n.祖先；原著；起源

sample Dialogue

violent adj.暴力的；（人）有暴力倾向的；含暴力行为的；
She came from a violent home.
她出身于一个有暴力行为的家庭。

rather
adv.
颇，相当；宁愿，最好（would rather）；而不是；更确切地说；（用以使表达的语气婉转）有几分，有点儿；恰恰相反，而是
The leaves taste rather bitter.
这些叶子尝起来相当苦。
I’d rather not.
我宁愿不要。

bite
n.
咬；一口的量；咬伤，叮伤；少量吃的东西，小吃；寒冷，刺骨；浓烈的味道；影响力，感染力；吞饵，上钩；咬合；简短的信息

have a bite to eat
吃点东西：指吃一些小吃或快餐，通常用于形容吃一点点食物。
Where can I have a bite to eat?
我在哪里能找到吃的东西？
have a bite of
尝一口：吃一小口食物，尝试一点点。
This is tasty. Have a bite of it.
这很好吃，吃一口吧。
Let me have a bite of your sandwich.
让我咬一口你的三明治。

restaurant n.餐馆，饭店

Guide Practice

vacation （学校的）假期，（法院的）休庭期；

TextA

一、单词部分

critical 有判断力的，判断公正(或审慎)的
A critical reader will notice many errors in this article.
有判断力的读者将会注意到这篇文章有很多错误。
He made a sound critical estimate of the problem.
他对该问题作出了审慎可靠的估计。
critical time 关键的时刻

non-fiction 非小说类文学作品；纪实文学
fiction 小说，虚构
science fiction 科幻小说
essay 散文
novel 小说

position 观点、态度、立场
He refused to back away from his position.
他拒绝放弃自己的立场。
The company is in a difficult position now.
这家公司现在正处于困难的境况。

statement 说明；说法；表态
make a statement
Soon afterwards she made her first public statement about the affair.
她很快对此事发表了第一次公开表态。
afterwards. adv. 过后，后来
affair. n; 公共事务，政治事务；事情，事件，事务；

question 疑问；怀疑
We question if his application will be approved.
我们怀疑他的申请能否被批准。
I would never question her honesty.
我决不会对她的诚实有所怀疑。
honesty. n. 诚实，正直，诚信

evaluate 估计；评价
The professor was asked to evaluate the current situation.
人们请这位教授评估一下当前的形势。
【近义词辨析】
evaluate,estimate,assess,rate
这几个动词都有“评估、评价”的意思
evaluate指仔细考虑以作出评价，特别是有关好坏和用处的评价。
estimate通常指个人作出的主观估计。
assess原意指为确定交多少税而估计，指通过估价以便更好利用。
rate专指评定价值等级的高低。

context 背景；环境；上下文；来龙去脉
Can you guess the meaning of the word from the context?
你能从上下文猜出那词的意思吗？

value 是非标准；价值观
present value 现值；面值
value investing 价值投资；价值投资法
exchange value 汇兑价值；外汇价值

represent 描述；表现
The film intended to represent the lives of ordinary people.
这部影片意欲表现普通人的生活。
ordinary. adj. 普通的，平常的；平淡无奇的，平庸的；(尤指法官、主教)常任的，本身有权的

assertion n. 明确肯定，断言；使用，主张
He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty.
他再三声明自己是无罪的。
guilty. adj. 内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的，有过失的
Researchers have recently challenged these assertions.
研究人员最近对这些断言提出了异议。
challenge. v. 挑战；质疑 n. 挑战、质疑

sufficient 足够的；充足的
be sufficient for 对……足够
His income is sufficient for his needs.
他的收入能满足他的需要。
be sufficient to 足以……;对……来说足够了
But these measures may not be sufficient to avert disaster.
但这些措施并不足以避免灾难的发生。
The police have sufficient evidence to connect the suspect with the explosion.
警察有充足的证据证明该嫌疑犯与爆炸案有关。

statistic 统计数字；统计资料
同义词：data/figure
according to statistics 据统计
Statistics suggest that the population of this country will be double in ten years’ time.
统计显示，这个国家人口在10年内将增加一倍。

integrate 使合并；使称为一体
integrate with 使与……结合
integrate into 成为一体，融入；使……并入
We must integrate theory with practice.
我们必须把理论与与实际结合起来。
The committee integrated some of suggestions into its plan.
委员会将部分建议纳入了它的计划。

authority 专家；学术权威
local authority 地方当局、地方政权
work of authority 权威著作

compare 比较、对比
compare A with B
Compare this new TV set with the old one, you will see which is better.
将这台新电视机与旧电视机一比，你就能看出哪一台更好一些。
Compared with what we had to go through, his life is paradise already.
和我们曾经经历的相比，他的生活已经是神仙般的了。
paradise. n. 天堂、天国、乐土

subject 主体、题目；题材
subject research 学科专题研究、课题研究

consistent adj. 相符的；符合的
consistent quality 始终如一的质量
consistent policy 一贯的政策
consistent principle 一致性原则
A be consistent with B 符合，与……一致
Her story was not consistent with the facts.
她的报道与事实不符。
His action is always consistent with his words.
他始终言行一致。
inconsistency. n. 不一致、易变

assumption 假设、假定
His assumption proved to be wrong.
他的假设证明是错误与的。
We suspect the assumption that the work will be finished tomorrow.
我们怀疑明天能完工的假设。

case n. 具体情况；事例

directly adv. 直接地，径直地

identify v.找到、发现
She learned how to identify medicinal herbs from a traditional Chinese doctor.
她向一位中医大夫学习如何识别草药。
traditional adj. 传统的
identity n.身份
identification n. 鉴别

valid adj.符合逻辑的、合理的
valid certificate 有效证书、有效凭证
This train ticket is valid for three days.
这张车票3日内有效。

credible adj. 可靠的、可信的
credible information 可靠的信息
同义词：reliable
incredible adj.不可思议的，难以置信的；惊人的，极大的，极多的；了不起的，极好的

landmark 里程碑
landmark achievement 里程碑式的成就

relevant 相关的
be relevant to 与……有关
I don’t think his remarks are relevant to our discussion.
我认为他的话与我们的议题无关。
He consulted a number of relevant books and periodicals.
他参看了不少相关书籍和期刊。
consult v.咨询、请教；商量、商讨；查询，查阅
periodical n. (尤指学术)期刊. adj.间发性的，定期的，周期的；(杂志、报纸)定期出版的。

current adj. 当前的
current situation 当前形势
We try and keep ourselves informed about current trends.
我们设法随时了解当前形势的发展。

appropriate 恰当的、合适的
appropriate time 适当时间
同义词：proper

bias n.偏见、偏心、偏向
Some people have a bias against foreigners.
有些人对外国人有偏见。
The newspaper has a clear bias towards the Democratic Party.
这家报纸明显偏向民主党。

considerably adv. 相当地、非常地
He lost his way, which delayed him considerably.
他迷了路，这使他耽搁了很久。
consider 考虑 consider doing
considerate adj.体贴的
considerable adj.大量的
The problem is considerably difficult to us.
对我们来说这个问题相当难。

democrat n.民主主义者
A democrat usually gets the union’s support.
民主主义者通常都会得到工会的支持。
The President is a Democrat.
总统是民主党员。

republican n.共和主义者，拥护共和政体者；共和党 adj.共和政体的，拥护共和政体的；共和党的
Charles is a Republican.
查尔斯是个共和党人。

reflect 反映、反射；反省；归咎；显示
Her sad looks reflected the thought passing through her mind.
她忧戚的面容反映出她内心的思想。
The sunlight was reflected in the water.
日光由水面反射出来。

informed adj.见多识广的；消息灵通的；有学问的 inform v. 通知、告诉
Reading is an excellent way to learn new things and stay informed.
阅读是学习新事物和使人见多识广的最佳方法。
excellent. adj.很好的，卓越的
The secretary informed me of his arrival.
秘书通知我他来了。 inform sb of sth

二、 文章-第一部分

          Critical Reading

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves question and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own options about what the author is saying.Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

译文：批判性阅读适用于作者提出观点或寻求陈述的非小说类写作。批判性阅读是积极的阅读。它涉及的不仅仅是理解作者在说什么。批判性阅读包括质疑和评估作者所说的内容，并对作者所说的内容形成自己的选择。以下是你应该做的事情，以成为一个挑剔的读者。

1. apply to 适用于；应用于

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.

This should apply to any project.
这应该适用于任何项目。
These regulations apply to everyone, without exception.
这些规章对任何人都适用，没有例外。
How does that apply to China?
如何把它应用到中国呢？

apply for 申请

2. 介词+which

单个介词+关系代词（whom，which）
介词确定依据
a. 依从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定
There were two possessions of the James and Jack _____ they both took great pride.
A. in which
B. for which
C. of which
D. on which
答案：A。 take pride in sth. 以……为傲：对某事或某人感到满意、自豪或自尊。

take pride in 通常用于表达对个人成就或努力的自豪感
be proud of 可以用于表达对个人成就或努力的自豪感，也可以用于表达对他人或事物的欣赏和钦佩。

We must find the person in whom we have confidence(in).

b. 依先行词与句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定
A good ad often uses words ___ people attach positive meanings.
A. in which
B. to which
C. for which
D. on which
答案：B attach to

Have you found the cave ___ the bear is hibernating?
A. for that
B. in which
C. in where
D. of which
答案：B 使用in which或者where

复杂介词+关系代词（which、whom、whose）常用复杂介词
as a result,at the back of,because of,in front of,in the middle of,at the bottom of, on the top of, at the foot of

There is a great pain in my right foot, because of which I can only limp along.
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat an old man.

3. put forth 提出；发表

People have put forth that the climate stopped warming in about 2005.
人们提出气候在2005年左右停止变暖。

4. make a statement 陈述

The government has made a statement denying these rumors.
政府发表了一项声明，否认了这些谣言。
He issued a statement to clarify the situation.
他发表了一项声明以澄清形势。

5. more than

It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.
它涉及的不仅仅是理解作者在说什么。

more than+名词 表示 “不仅仅是”
(1) Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。
(2) Json is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
Json不仅仅是一位讲师，他还是一位作家。
(3) We need more than material wealth to build our country.
建设我们的国家，我们需要的不仅仅是物质财富。
more than 比…多
That would be more than what I have expected.
那已经比我期望的还要多了。

三、 文章-第二部分

Consider the context of what is written.
You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

译文：
考虑所写内容的上下文。
你可能正在阅读来自不同文化背景的作家所写的东西。或者，你可能正在阅读一段时间以前在不同的时间背景下写的东西。无论哪种情况，你都必须认识到并考虑到你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度之间的任何差异。

1.过去分词作定语

n + 过去分词（被动关系）
book recommended by the teacher.老师推荐的书。
people invited to the conference.被邀请参加会议的人.

Is this the book recommended by the teacher.
这是老师推荐的那本书吗?
Most of the people invited to the conference were my old friends.
被邀请参加会议的大多数人都是我的老朋友。
The three guns stolen from the police stations were found in the house.
从警察局偷来的三把枪在房子里找到了。

2.take sth. into account 考虑，顾及 take into account sth.考虑，顾及

If you are forced to take action, do not do anything until you have a perfect plan which will take into account any and everything that can happen.
如果你被迫采取行动，在你有一个完美的计划之前什么都不要做，这个计划会考虑到任何可能发生的事情。
But the research did not take into account other effects such as transport and refrigeration.
但这项研究没有考虑运输和冷藏等其他影响。

三、 文章-第三部分

Question assertions made by the author.Don’t accept what is written at face value.Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.

译文：
质疑作者的断言。不要只看表面价值就接受写出来的东西。在接受所写的东西之前，要确定作者对所做的任何断言都提供了足够的支持。寻找能够提供支持的事实、例子和统计数据。另外，看看作者是否结合了权威著作。

1. accept…at face value 相信表面

So be critical, and don’t accept things at face value.
所以,请保持批判性，不要接受那些具表面价值的事情。
Don’t accept her offer at face value.Ask questions!
不要看到她的表面报价就接受。问她一些问题!
Accept nothing at face value.
凡事不流于表面。

2. work of authority 权威著作

四、 文章-第四部分

Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.
Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.

译文：
将这篇文章所写的与其他关于该主题的作品所写的进行比较。
看看这篇文章写的东西是否与别人写的关于这个主题的文章一致。如果有不一致之处，请仔细评估作者对不一致之处提供的支持。

1. be consistent with 与……一致

What you said is not consistent with what you did.
你言行不一致。
The result is consistent with the findings of previous studies.
这个结果与之前的研究发现一致。

五、 文章-第五部分

Analyze assumptions made by the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.

译文：
分析作者的假设。假设是作者为了做出断言而必须相信的东西。在许多情况下，作者的假设没有直接陈述。这意味着你必须仔细阅读，以找到任何假设。一旦你找到了一个假设，你必须决定这个假设是否有效。

1.whatever

adj. 不管什么样的
Take whatever measures you consider best.
采取任何你认为最好的措施。

conj. whatever+句子
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
任何一件值得做的事情都值得把它做好。
Whatever you do,be observant of what is going on around you.
无论你做什么，都要观察周围发生的事情。

六、 文章-第六部分

Evaluate the sources the author uses.In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.For example,Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current.For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

译文：
评估作者使用的资料来源。在这样做的时候，一定要确保消息来源是可信的。例如，如果作者写的是物理学上具有里程碑意义的成就，爱因斯坦就是一个可靠的来源。同时也要确保信息来源是相关的。当主题是诗歌时，爱因斯坦不是一个相关的来源。最后，如果作者写的是一个主题在当前状态，请确保来源是当前的。例如，如果作者正在讨论物理学知识的现状，爱因斯坦在20世纪初所做的研究可能就不合适了。

1. be relevant to 与……有关

Many people believe that classical music is not relevant to young people today.
很多人认为古典音乐和年轻人无关。

七、 文章-第七部分

Identify any possible author bias.A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is Democrat or Repulican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position.You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written.That is, take what is written with “a grain of salt”.

By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

译文：
找出任何可能的作者偏见。根据作者是民主党人还是共和党人，关于美国政治的书面讨论可能会有很大的不同。所写的很可能反映了一个有偏见的立场。在阅读作者的作品时，你需要考虑到这种可能的偏见。也就是说，拿“有保留地”写的东西来说吧。

通过成为一个批判性的读者，你会变得更有见地，并可能适当地改变你的观点。

1.主语从句

主语从句主要有三类

(1)由连词that引导的主语从句：引导词that无含义，在句中不作成分，不可以省略

That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你似乎不太可能赢得奖牌。
That you are so indifferent bothers me.
你的冷漠让我很困扰。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难真是个奇迹。

(2)用连词whether引导的主语从句：whether有含义(是否),在句中不充当成分，不可以省略。

Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
她来不来无关紧要。

(3)用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who、whose、whom、which、what、whoever、whomever、whichever、whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分)。

what you need is more practice.
你需要的是更多的练习。
What I want to know is this.
我想知道的就是这个。
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
我们所做的一切都是为人民服务。

(4)用连接副词when、where、why、how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义，在句中作状语)。

where we should leave it is a problem.
我们应该把它放在哪里是个问题。
When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.
他们什么时候来还没有公布。

2.with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地

I believe this news with a grain of salt.
我对这个消息半信半疑。
Take with a grain of salt.
不是很当真。
Sometimes he is right, but usually his predictions have to be taken with a grain of salt.
有时他是对的，但通常他的预测不能全信。

3.be informed (of) 被告知；获悉

I request to be informed of the current state of affairs.
我要求了解目前的事态。
You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time.
我们会在适当的时候将详情告知你。

inform sb of sth 告知某人某事

TextB

一、单词部分

confidence n. 信任；把握；信心；知心话
The servant enjoyed his master’s confidence.
这个仆人深得主人的信赖。
I can say with confidence that such rumors were totally groundless.
我可以肯定地说这样的谣言完全没有根据。

program
n.节目；计划；程序；课程；节目单
TV program 电视节目
vt.编制程序；安排；指定；训练；培养
We need to program some time for discussion at the end of the day.
今天结束时我们需要安排一些时间来进行讨论。

mastery n.精通；掌握；熟练；控制;驾驭
It takes years to gain a mastery of Japanese.
掌握日语需要多年的时间。

destiny n.命运
Nobody knows his own destiny.
没有人知道自己的命运。
Is it destiny that brings people together, or it is accident?
人们的相遇是天意还是偶然。

dramatically adv.巨大地；惊人的；显著地；戏剧地；引人注目地；
The story begins dramatically but the plot peters out before the end.
故事以戏剧性的方式开始，但还没到结尾，情节就逐渐消失了。（这故事有些虎头蛇尾）

quality n.质量；品质；才能；特质
He examined the quality of the furniture carefully.
他仔细检查了家具的质量。

v. qualify 使合格，胜任
qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的；（支持、赞同）有限度的，有保留的
be qualified for 有资格，胜任…

subconscious adj.下意识的，潜意识的
One’s conscious motives are often different from one’s subconscious ones.
一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动往往截然不同。

n.潜意识
My answer seemed to come from the subconscious.
我的回答似乎出自下意识。

conscious adj.意识到的；神志清醒的，有知觉的；关注的；刻意的，慎重的

please v.使高兴；使满意；愿意；取悦
It’s difficult to please everybody.
很难做到所有人都满意。

command
n.命令；指挥；掌握
You should subject yourself to my command.
你必须听从我的命令。

v.命令；指挥；掌握；博得
It’s very important to command a certain number of vocabularies.
掌握一定的词汇量是很重要的。

knowingly adv.故意地；会意地
She would never knowingly hurt anyone.
她决不会故意伤害任何人。

impact
n. 影响；冲击力；撞击；巨大影响；强大作用
have/make impact on 对…有影响
The computer had made a great impact on modern life.
计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。

vt. 挤入；压紧；撞击；对…发生影响
a vast crowd impacted the square.
一大群人挤在广场上。

matter
n.事情；事态；问题；关于…的事情；物质；重要性
I want to speak to her in the matter of my salary.
我想跟她谈谈我的薪水问题。

v.有关系；要紧
Does it matter what you do next?
你下一步所做的事要紧吗？

confident adj.自信的；有信心的；有把握的
Your encouragement made me more confident of my future.
你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。

sense
n.（对重大事情的）感官，感觉，意识；鉴赏力；意义
sense of humor/direction 幽默感/方向感
I had the sense that he was worried about something.
我感觉他有心事。

v.感觉；意识到；理解；检测
Lisa sensed that he did not believe her.
Lisa意识到他不相信她。

eliminate v.除去；剔除；忽略；淘汰
Their team was eliminated in the first round.
他们队在第一轮就被淘汰了。

disempower v.剥夺；使失去权利
Don’t allow those moments disempower you.
不要让那些时刻打倒你。

self-esteem n.自尊；自负
Teenagers’ self-esteem is based on how many friends they have.
青少年的自尊建立在他们有多少朋友的基础上。

limit
n.限度；限制；界限
I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.
我会尽力帮忙，但我所能做的也是有限度的。

vt.限制；限定
We must limit out spending.
我们必须限制我们的开支。

infinite adj.无穷的；无限的
We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.
我们必须接受有限的挫折，但是决不可以失去无限的希望。

stifle vt.使窒息；压制；扼杀；阻止；扑灭；抑制
The smoke filled the room and almost stifled the firemen.
屋里浓烟弥漫，呛得消防队员们喘不过气来。

creativity n.创造力；创造
This toy will help children with their creativity.
这种玩具有助于孩子们的创造力。
v.create
n.creation
adj. creative

internal adj.国内的；内部的；身内的；
He worked in internal trade.
他的工作是做国内贸易。

insignificant adj.无关紧要的；可忽略的；不重要的；无用的；
In 1949 Bonn was a small, insignificant city.
1949年，波恩还是一个不起眼的小城市。
反义词：significant 意义重大的

commonly adv.一般地；通常地；普通地
Nowadays, people commonly tip 15% to 20%,with the average tip about 18%.
现在，人们通常给15%到20%的小费，平均小费在18%左右。

alternative
adj.两者择一的；供选择的；非主流的
They are provided with the choice of two alternative flights.
有两种航班可供他们选择。

n.二者择一；供替代的选择；可供选择的事物
I had no alternative but to accept the offer.
我除了接受这个提议之外，别无选择。

fabulous adj.极好的；巨大的；传说中的
The minutes of evening twilight are fabulous.
黄昏的分分秒秒令人惊叹。

文章-第一部分

        The language of Confidence

The language we use programs our brains.Mastering our languages gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies.It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.

译文：
我们使用的语言锻炼了我们的大脑。掌握我们的语言使我们在很大程度上加强了我们对自己的生活和命运的掌控。为了极大地改善我们的生活质量，以可能最好的方式使用语言是很重要的。

1.动名词作主语

Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
Working with you is a pleasure.
和你一起工作是一种乐趣。

2.mastery over/of 对于…的掌握

If you can win complete the mastery over self you will easily master all else!
如果你能完全征服自我，你就能轻松地征服其他一切!
complete adj. 完全的，彻底的；v. 使完整，使完美；完成，结束

Modern science arms man with new instrument of mastery over nature.
现代科学为人类提供了征服自然的新工具。
arm n. 手臂，上肢 v. 武装，备战；提供，配备
arm sb with sth
instrument n. 器械；乐器；仪器；工具

3.形式主语

It作形式主语常见句型
动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：
(1)It+be+形容词+for sb. +动词不定式（to do），如
It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.
年轻人掌握两门外语是很有必要的。
It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
孩子们要什么就给他们什么是不明智的。
(2)It+be+形容词+of sb+动词不定式，这类形容词通常是表示心理品质、性格特征的形容词，如：kind、nice、stupid、clever、foolish、polite、impolite、silly、selfish、considerate等
It’s very kind of you to help me with the work. = You are kind to help me.
It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.
(3)It+be+名词词组+动词不定式
It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
熬夜不是个好习惯。

4. It+be+名词或形容词+动名词

这类名词和形容词常常是:good,no good,no use,a waste of,useless,senseless等，如
It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.
跟她说话纯属浪费时间。
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
和他争论这件事是没有用的。

5.It+take(sb.)+时间(金钱)+动词不定式

如：
It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.
工人们花了将近三年的时间才建成大坝。
It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.
步行到山顶要花一整天的时间。

6.It+be+形容词+主语从句

如：
It is uncertain whether he can come to jenny’s birthday parth or not.
他是否能来参加珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。

7.It+be+名词词组+主语从句

这类名词有:a fact,a pity,a shame,an honour,a question等，如：
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
真遗憾，你错过了那场激动人心的足球赛。
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
他来不来还是个问题。

8.It+be+过去分词+主语从句

这类过去分词有：announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等，如：
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道，有16人在地震中丧生。
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
谁给这个病人做手术还没有决定。

文章-第二部分

Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine.It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.

eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的
willing adj.愿意的，乐意的；v.希望，想要（某事发生）
carry out 执行，实施;完成，实现;继续到结束;
entirely adv.完全地，完整地；仅仅，只

译文：
即使是最小的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生最深的影响，我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，它并不真正理解真实发生的事情和你想象的之间的区别。它渴望取悦并愿意执行你给它的任何命令，无论你是否有意这样做，都完全取决于你。

1. have effect on 对…有影响

The safe and efficient management to network would have effect on the future of network.
安全高效的网络管理影响到网络的未来。
The U.S. recession would certainly have effect on China’s economy.
美国经济衰退肯定会对中国经济产生影响。
recession n.（经济的）衰退（期）；<正式>退后，撤回；（天文）退行；凹处

2. carry out 执行

Can you stipulate they would carry out the treaty?
你能保证他们会执行条约吗?
stipulate v.规定，明确要求 adj.（叶子，植物）有托叶的，具托叶的
treaty n.（国家之间的）条约，协定

They will carry out this experimentation, regardless of what happen.
不管发生什么，他们都要进行这项实验。
experimentation n.实验；尝试
regardless adv.不顾，不加理会；不管怎样，无论如何 adj.
不管的，不注意的

3.be up to 由…决定

Then, how we make money is up to us.
接下来，怎么赚钱取决于我们自己了。

文章-第三部分

“Try”, It is small word yet is has an amazing impact upon us.If someone says,“I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all.How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you?Do you say “I’ll try to be some confident” or “I’ll try to do that” or “I’ll try to call”?

译文：
“Try”，这是一个很小的词，但它对我们有惊人的影响。如果有人说，“我会试着去做”，你知道他们不会全心全意去做，甚至可能根本不会去做。在谈论对你重要的事情时，你用“Try”这个词的频率是多少?你会说“我试着自信一点”或者“我试着那样做”或者“我试着打电话”吗?

1.put whole heart into 全身心投入

Put your heart and soul into the family, and your whole life into your career.
全身心投入到家庭中，全部生命投入到事业中。
career n.职业，事业；职业生涯；

2.matter to 对…重要

You matter to me.
你对我很重要。
Why does this matter to you?
这为什么对您来说很重要呢？

文章-第四部分

Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways.Firstly say,“I’ll try to…” and notice how you feel, next say,“I’ll do…” and see how you feel.
The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it?It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done.Listen to the people around you and when they say will try notice if it gets done or not.Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.

latter adj.（两者之中的）后者的；末期的，后期的n.
（两者之间的）后者（the latter）

译文：
想想你想要实现的目标，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说，“我会试着……”，然后注意你的感觉，然后说，“我要做……，看看你的感觉如何。
后者会让你感觉比前者好，不是吗?它给你一种决心，一种一定会成功的感觉。倾听你周围的人，当他们说他们将会尝试，注意到是否完成了。从你的字典中删除“try”这个词，看看你的生活是如何改善的。

1.a sense of determination 决心

2.eliminate…from 消除

It is time to eliminate fear and to clear out hidden fears from your subconscious.
现在是时候消除恐惧，从你的潜意识中清除隐藏的恐惧。
fear
v.害怕，畏惧；担心，忧虑；敬畏
n.恐惧；担心；（坏事发生的）可能性；敬畏

文章-第五部分

Can’t,This is another small word with a big impact.It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages out self-esteem.It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity.Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.
Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose…” or “I choose not to…”.Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be control of your life.

damage
n.（有形的）损坏，损失；损害，伤害；损害赔偿金；费用，代价
v.损坏，损害；对……造成坏影响

rub v.擦，磨擦；揉擦，按摩 n.
（用手或物体）擦，揉；按摩膏，面膜；

译文：
Can’t，这是另一个影响很大的小词。它削弱了我们的力量，让我们感到软弱和无助，损害了我们的自尊。它限制了我们无限的能力，扼杀了创造力。把它从你内心的字典里抹去，代之以让你感觉很棒的东西。
与其说你不能，不如说“我选择……”或“我选择不……”。使用这样的词语可以让你收回你的力量，掌控你的生活。

1. instead of 而不是

Why don’t you play football instead of just looking on?
你为什么不参加踢足球而只是看热闹？
His success plays his luck instead of his skill.
他取得的成功靠的是运气而不是技能。

2. be in control of 控制

It is very important to control what you think if you wish to be in control of your life.
如果你想掌控自己的生活，控制自己的想法是非常重要的。

文章-第六部分

Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us.Mastering your language give you the power to live whatever life your desire.
What words do you use a lot that disempower you?Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use.Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!

desire n.愿望，欲望，渴望；情欲，性欲 v.渴望，想望；

译文：
言语可能看起来微不足道，但却能对我们产生深远而持久的影响。掌握你的语言给你力量去过你想要的生活。
你经常用什么词来削弱你的力量?列出你常用的单词，然后在它们旁边写下一些你可以使用的替代词。让这些替代词让你感觉很棒，不仅对你自己，而且对生活和你正在做的事情!