spring boot 整合 jpa
依赖
pom.xml
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
关键jar包:
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa:jpa包
mysql-connector-java:mysql驱动
lombok:pojo类美观
配置文件
application.yml
# 应用名称
spring.application.name=jpa_test
# 应用服务 WEB 访问端口
server.port=8080
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=admine
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
#显示执行的sql语句
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
create
:
每次应用启动的时候会重新根据实体建立表,之前的表和数据都会被删除。
create-drop
:
和上面的功能一样,但是多了一样,就是在应用关闭的时候,也就是sessionFactory一关闭,会把表删除。
update
:
最常用的,第一次启动根据实体建立表结构,之后启动会根据实体的改变更新表结构,之前的数据都在。
validate
:
会验证创建数据库表结构,只会和数据库中的表进行比较,不会创建新表,但是会插入新值,运行程序会校验实体字段与数据库已有的表的字段类型是否相同,不同会报错
实体类
User.java
import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@Entity
@Table
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@Column
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Column
private String name;
@Column
private Integer age;
}
@Entity 是一个必选的注解,声明这个类对应了一个数据库表。
@Table(name = “AUTH_USER”) 是一个可选的注解。声明了数据库实体对应的表信息。包括表名称、索引信息等。这里声明这个实体类对应的表名是 AUTH_USER。如果没有指定,则表名和实体的名称保持一致。
@Id 注解声明了实体唯一标识对应的属性。
@Column(length = 32) 用来声明实体属性的表字段的定义。默认的实体每个属性都对应了表的一个字段。字段的名称默认和属性名称保持一致(并不一定相等)。字段的类型根据实体属性类型自动推断。这里主要是声明了字符字段的长度。如果不这么声明,则系统会采用 255 作为该字段的长度
作者:阿土伯已经不是我
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/c14640b63653
来源:简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
注意这些注解是:javax.persistence.*下的。
repository类
StudentRepository.java
import com.lwf.jpa_test.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Void>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
List<Student> findAllBySSEXEquals(String sex);
}
相当于mybatis的mapper,也可以在类上加注解:@Repository
该层扩展了两个接口
JpaRepository:
public interface JpaRepository<T, ID> extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>, QueryByExampleExecutor<T> {
List<T> findAll();
List<T> findAll(Sort var1);
List<T> findAllById(Iterable<ID> var1);
<S extends T> List<S> saveAll(Iterable<S> var1);
void flush();
<S extends T> S saveAndFlush(S var1);
void deleteInBatch(Iterable<T> var1);
void deleteAllInBatch();
T getOne(ID var1);
<S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> var1);
<S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> var1, Sort var2);
}
JpaSpecificationExecutor
public interface JpaSpecificationExecutor<T> {
Optional<T> findOne(@Nullable Specification<T> var1);
List<T> findAll(@Nullable Specification<T> var1);
Page<T> findAll(@Nullable Specification<T> var1, Pageable var2);
List<T> findAll(@Nullable Specification<T> var1, Sort var2);
long count(@Nullable Specification<T> var1);
}
查询所有
studentRepository.findAll().forEach(e->{
System.out.println(e);
});
查询所有数据加字段排序
可变长Order,Order可指定对应字段ASC还是DESC
studentRepository.findAll(Sort.by("sno").descending()).forEach(System.out::println);
可变长字符串参数,对应Entity属性名,默认升序
studentRepository.findAll(Sort.by("sno")).forEach(System.out::println);
group by,order by等查询
studentRepository.findAll(new Specification<Student>() {
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Student> root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) {
//where sno>=2
Path<Integer> sno = root.get("sno");
Predicate gt = criteriaBuilder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(sno,2);
//order by sno desc
CriteriaQuery<?> orderBy = criteriaQuery.orderBy(new Order() {
@Override
public Order reverse() {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isAscending() {
return false;
}
@Override
public Expression<?> getExpression() {
return sno;
}
});
//连起来:select * from student where sno>=2 order by desc
Predicate g = orderBy.where(gt).getGroupRestriction();
return g;
}
}).forEach(System.out::println);
分页
studentRepository.findAll(new Specification<Student>() {
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Student> root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) {
//where sno>=2
Path<Integer> sno = root.get("sno");
Predicate gt = criteriaBuilder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(sno,2);
//order by sno desc
CriteriaQuery<?> orderBy = criteriaQuery.orderBy(new Order() {
@Override
public Order reverse() {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isAscending() {
return false;
}
@Override
public Expression<?> getExpression() {
return sno;
}
});
//连起来:select * from student where sno>=2 group by sno order by desc
Predicate g = orderBy.where(gt).groupBy(sno).getGroupRestriction();
return g;
}
}, PageRequest.of(0,2)).forEach(System.out::println);
分页使用该方法:Page<T> findAll(@Nullable Specification<T> var1, Pageable var2);
Pageable有实现类:PageRequest; PageRequest.of(0,2)等同limit 0,2
在Repository层里自定义方法查询
import com.lwf.jpa_test.pojo.Daxuesheng;
import com.lwf.jpa_test.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Daxuesheng>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
//select * from student where sex=sex1
List<Student> findAllBySSEXEquals(String sex1);
//select * from student where sname like %name and sno>= sno1
List<Student> findStudentsBySNAMEEndsWithAndAndSnoGreaterThanEqual(String name,Integer sno1);
}