阿里云上创建Oracle RAC-静默模式

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-31 09:46:25 发布

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编前语:

小编成功在阿里云上搭建Oracle RAC断断续续花了1个月的时间，中间的过程简直是痛苦，网上很多的资料都是基于图形化界面的，也有静默模式但是步骤都非常的粗略，可能是写这样的步骤太费时间了。这篇文章可以说是从零开始，所有的步骤都有截图。希望可以帮到大家。如果你是才开始接触RAC请仔细阅读文中的每一个字，特别关注里面的一些提示，可以让你节约很多时间

背景：

公司使用的数据库目前为Oracle单机模式，为了提高数据的可用性。需要搭建Oracle集群。于是开始在网上搜索，搭建RAC的文章很多，但是大部分都是基于虚拟机的。公司的服务器全部运行在阿里云上，于是借鉴下面大神的文章开始搭建，大神的文章过于豪放，细节没有覆盖，所有撰写这篇博文

参考文档:

https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/88303

阿里云上创建Oracle RAC-静默模式二

阿里云上创建Oracle RAC-静默模式三

阿里云上创建Oracle RAC-静默模式四

重点:

为了绕开阿里云对于组播的限制，集群中节点的通信利用N2N

步骤:

资源准备

a. ECS 服务器2台, CentOS 6.8 x86-64

b. 阿里云块存储2块（截至目前，块存储还处于公测，需要提交申请开通，本人提交申请以后等了3天，让后提工单去催的)

20G用于选举，250G用于数据库以及Grid安装

c. Oracle 以及 Grid安装文件(版本:11g)，下载地址如下

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/112010-linx8664soft-100572.html

d. N2N软件

https://github.com/ntop/n2n

e. ASM软件

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/asmlib/rhel6-1940776.html

1.修改主机名

#vi /etc/sysconfig/network
节点1
# Created by anaconda
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=rac1
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
PEERNTP=no
NOZEROCONF=yes
节点2
# Created by anaconda
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=rac2
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
PEERNTP=no
NOZEROCONF=yes

2. 安装Oracle准备，节点规划完全复制参考文档里面的

存储组件和参考文档有点不同，这个块存储以后肯定很贵的，所以生产环境可以根据数据库大小来配置。我是80*3=240G，所以我申请了250G的共享块存储

组件	类型	卷大小	ASM卷组名	ASM 冗余	设备名
OCR/VF	ASM	5G	DG_OCR	NORMAL	/dev/vdb1,/dev/vdb2,/dev/vdb3
数据&归档	ASM	80G	DG_DATA	NORMAL	/dev/vdc1,/dev/vdc2,/dev/vdc3

块存储挂载以后：

Disk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008d73a

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 125827071 62912512 83 Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf8683fec

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Disk /dev/vdc: 268.4 GB, 268435456000 bytes, 524288000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdd02467a

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

3.安装N2N软件

#将N2N软件上传到阿里云服务器

#在两个节点都要安装N2N
unzip n2n-master.zip 
cd  n2n-master
make #如果make 提示openssl出错，安装openssl（命令: yum install -y openssl openssl-devel)
make PREFIX=/opt/n2n install

安装完毕后启动supernode服务(N2N支持两个supernode，我这里只在节点1上面开启supernode)
nohup /opt/n2n/sbin/supernode -l 65530 & #用其中一个节点来当N2N的supernode,我用的节点1，

节点1
/opt/n2n/sbin/edge -d edge0 -a 10.10.10.101 -s 255.255.255.0 -c dtstack -k dtstack -l 172.18.56.21:65530 -E -r 
#这里的172.18.56.21是我ECS服务器的eth0接口IP，也就是supernode的真实IP,如果你起了两个supernode可以直接在-l参数里面添加第二个节点，如-l 172.18.56.21:65530,172.18.56.22:65530
/opt/n2n/sbin/edge -d edge1 -a 192.168.100.101 -s 255.255.255.0 -c dtstack -k dtstack -l 172.18.56.21:65530 -E -r

#配置完成以后节点会多两个虚拟网卡
[root@rac1 n2n-master]# ifconfig
edge0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1400
        inet 10.10.10.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.10.10.255
        ether 4e:c7:9c:a7:73:95  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

edge1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1400
        inet 192.168.100.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255
        ether 46:76:79:d8:1b:eb  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.18.56.21  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 172.18.63.255
        ether 00:16:3e:08:48:66  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 19861  bytes 24810887 (23.6 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6122  bytes 2000836 (1.9 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

节点2

/opt/n2n/sbin/edge -d edge0 -a 10.10.10.102 -s 255.255.255.0 -c dtstack -k dtstack -l 172.18.56.21:65530 -E -r
/opt/n2n/sbin/edge -d edge1 -a 192.168.100.102 -s 255.255.255.0 -c dtstack -k dtstack -l 172.18.56.21:65530 -E -r

4.修改/etc/hosts

节点1
10.10.10.101 rac1
10.10.10.102 rac2
10.10.10.103 rac1-vip
10.10.10.104 rac2-vip
192.168.100.101 rac1-priv
192.168.100.102 rac2-priv
10.10.10.105 scan-ip
#172.18.56.21 rac1
节点2
10.10.10.101 rac1
10.10.10.102 rac2
10.10.10.103 rac1-vip
10.10.10.104 rac2-vip
192.168.100.101 rac1-priv
192.168.100.102 rac2-priv
10.10.10.105 scan-ip
#172.10.56.22 rac2

5.修改内核参数

#vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall =7864320 #内存大小/4096分页大小 
kernel.shmmax = 52451655680 #内存大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
vm.nr_hugepages = sga/pagesize  #开启hugepage，oracle锁定内存防止换出

#sysctl –p

6.配置NTP

#oracle rac必须进行时钟同步，如果没有时钟同步，按照下面的方式配置，让oracle自身来解决
/sbin/service ntpd stop
chkconfig ntpd off
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org

7.关闭防火墙，阿里云自动的CentOS是关闭了防火强的，你是用虚拟机，需要运行这一步

chkconfig --list iptables
chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig --list iptables
service iptables stop
service network restart
关闭selinux
/etc/selinux/config
disable

8.修改用户限制

#vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle           soft    nofile          4096
oracle           hard   nofile          65536
oracle           soft    nproc          2047
oracle           hard   nproc          16384
oracle           soft   stack          10240
grid           soft    nofile          4096
grid            hard   nofile          65536
grid            soft    nproc          2047
grid            hard   nproc          16384
grid            soft   stack          10240
*           soft   memlock         18874368
*           hard   memlock          18874368

9. /etc/pam.d/login

echo "session    required     pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

10.安装需要的包

一般要安装下面的软件包
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel
yum install -y gcc-c++
yum install -y ksh
yum install -y libaio-devel
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y libXp
yum install -y numactl-devel
yum install -y unixODBC
yum install -y unixODBC-devel
yum install -y compat-libcap1.x86_64

11.格式化共享磁盘，这点和参考文档有点区别，他是通过3块盘进行冗余，我是一块盘上划三个分区。如果是生产hua环境，建议划三块盘，将选举磁盘和数据盘分到3个不同的盘。由于是共享磁盘，这个操作在一个节点上进行就OK

[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (10487808-41943039, default 10487808): 
Using default value 10487808
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568): 
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-524287999, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-524287999, default 524287999): +80G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (167774208-524287999, default 167774208): 
Using default value 167774208
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (167774208-524287999, default 524287999): +80G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (335546368-524287999, default 335546368): 
Using default value 335546368
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (335546368-524287999, default 524287999): +80G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@iZwz9igcce8m634htwm1xwZ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008d73a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048   125827071    62912512   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf8683fec

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/vdb2        10487808    20973567     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/vdb3        20973568    31459327     5242880   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdc: 268.4 GB, 268435456000 bytes, 524288000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdd02467a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdc1            2048   167774207    83886080   83  Linux
/dev/vdc2       167774208   335546367    83886080   83  Linux
/dev/vdc3       335546368   503318527    83886080   83  Linux
[root@rac1~]#

12.安装ASM，这里安装会升级kernel到el7(用CentOS 7装集群应该会好一点)

yum install -y http://download.oracle.com/otn_software/asmlib/oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

yum install -y http://oss.oracle.com/projects/oracleasm-support/dist/files/RPMS/rhel6/amd64/2.1.8/oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

13.创建grid,oracle用户（grid主要用于管理集群，oracle主要用于管理数据库，所以待会在配置ASM的时候要把用户设置为grid，不然后面会出现磁盘权限的问题)

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmoper
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

#配置环境变量
#Grid
#vi /home/grid/.bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid_base
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid_home
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1  #第二个节点+ASM2
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

#Oracle
#vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORA_GRID_HOME=/u01/app/grid_home
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=OAODZ1  #第二个节点orcl2
export ORACLE_SID=OAODZ1 #第二个节点orcl2
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

#太长了，转到下一篇

一直学下去

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阿里云上创建Oracle RAC-静默模式

编前语:小编成功在阿里云上搭建Oracle RAC断断续续花了1个月的时间，中间的过程简直是痛苦，网上很多的资料都是基于图形化界面的，也有静默模式但是步骤都非常的粗略，可能是写这样的步骤太费时间了。这篇文章可以说是从零开始，所有的步骤都有截图。希望可以帮到大家。如果你是才开始接触RAC请仔细阅读文中的每一个字，特别关注里面的一些提示，可以让你节约很多时间背景：公司使用的数据库目前为Or...
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