Java发送HTTP的POST和GET方式请求

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-28 10:45:58 发布
lwxsg
最新推荐文章于 2024-02-28 10:45:58 发布
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关于连接配置方面还不是很懂，但其他按照如下类再根据具体需要做调整应该没什么问题，可用于HTTP和HTTPS
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

public class Http_Test {
	
	/**
	 * 
	 * @param requestUrl     url的字符串形式
	 * @param requestMethod  请求方式:POST或者GET
	 * @param outputStr      如果请求方式为POST的话，要POST的内容，GET的话为null
	 */
	public String httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr){
		//POST方式用，根据需要选其一即可
		OutputStream outputStream = null;
		DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = null;
		PrintWriter printWriter = null;
		//POST和GET都要用
		InputStream inputStream = null;
		InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
		BufferedReader bufferedreader = null;
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		try {
			//创建要访问的url
			URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
			///非必须，看需要
			// 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
			TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
			SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
			sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
			// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
			SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
			///
			
			//利用URL的openConnection()方法返回http(https)连接对象，根据URL类型不同返回不同的URLConnection子类的对象
			HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();   //如果访问HTTPS则强制转换为HttpsURLConnection对象
			//对httpUrlConn进行设置,关于设置这点还不是很懂,看需要配置
			if(requestMethod.equalsIgnoreCase("POST")){
				httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);       //如果前面有创建
				httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);              // 设置是否向connection输出SSLSocketFactory对象的话选择
				httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);               // 设置是否向connection输入，这两个属性设置为True都是POST必须的
				httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);						// 设置是否使用缓存，Post 请求不能使用缓存
				httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod("GET/POST");   // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）
				// 配置本次连接的Content-type，配置为application/x- www-form-urlencoded的    
				// 意思是正文是urlencoded编码过的form参数，下面我们可以看到我们对正文内容使用URLEncoder.encode进行编码     
				// 这一步的设置可能与POST的内容，即本方法的outputStr有关
				// 要提交的字符串，用URLEncoder对中文字符进行URL编码，且指定字符编码
				// String outputStr = "hello=" + URLEncoder.encode("你好", "utf-8");
				httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 
				// 设置通用的请求属性，应该都是同一种东西
				httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
				httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
				httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
			}else if(requestMethod.equalsIgnoreCase("GET")){
				httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);  
				httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);              // 设置是否向connection输出
				httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);               // 设置是否向connection输入，这两个属性设置为True都是POST必须的
				httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);						// 设置是否使用缓存，Post 请求不能使用缓存
				httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod("GET/POST");   // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）
				// 配置本次连接的Content-type，配置为application/x- www-form-urlencoded的    
				// 意思是正文是urlencoded编码过的form参数，下面我们可以看到我们对正文内容使用URLEncoder.encode进行编码       
				httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 
				// 设置通用的请求属性，应该都是同一种东西
				httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
				httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
				httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
			}
			//httpUrlConn进行连接  httpUrlConn.getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect
//			httpUrlConn.connect();
//			//获取相应头字段非必须，看需要
//			// 获取所有响应头字段
//			Map<String, List<String>> map = httpUrlConn.getHeaderFields();
//			// 遍历所有的响应头字段
//			for (String key : map.keySet()) {
//			    System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
//			}
			
			
			//有数据要提交时——POST，有数据要接收时——GET
			if(requestMethod.equalsIgnoreCase("POST")){             //先提交再接收
				outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();//输出字节
				//关于JAVA IO的Stream太多了，根据需要自己选择，不限于以下3种
				//1.直接用outputStream的write方法输出
				// 输出字符串outputStr，且指定字符编码
				outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
				outputStream.close();   
				//2.将outputStream用DataOutputStream再进一步包装
				dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(outputStream);
				//要提交的字符串，用URLEncoder对中文字符进行URL编码，且指定字符编码
				//String outputStr = " firstname= " + URLEncoder.encode(" 一个大肥人 ", " utf-8 "); 
				dataOutputStream.writeBytes(outputStr); 
				dataOutputStream.flush();
				dataOutputStream.close();
				outputStream.close(); 
				//3.将outputStream用PrintWriter再进一步包装
				printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
				printWriter.print(outputStr);
				printWriter.flush();
				printWriter.close();
				outputStream.close(); 
				//
				//POST可能有返回数据需要接收
				inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();//接收字节
				inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"utf-8");//接收的字节转化为字符，还可以指定编码
				bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);				
				String lines;    
			  while ((lines = bufferedreader.readLine()) != null) {    
			      sb.append(lines);    
			  }  
			  bufferedreader.close();  
			  inputStreamReader.close();
			  inputStream.close();
			  
				
			}else if(requestMethod.equalsIgnoreCase("GET")){     //GET的话可以把请求参数附在URL里，只提交不用接收
				//首先打开httpUrlConn的input流，再用inputStreamReader对inputStream包装，在用BufferedReader接收
				inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();//接收字节
				inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"utf-8");//接收的字节转化为字符，还可以指定编码
				bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
				sb = new StringBuilder();
				String lines;    
			  while ((lines = bufferedreader.readLine()) != null) {    
			      sb.append(lines);    
			  }  			  			  
			}
			//关闭httpUrlConn连接
			httpUrlConn.disconnect();
			
		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally{
			try{
				if(outputStream != null)
					outputStream.close();
				if(dataOutputStream != null)
					dataOutputStream.close();
				if(printWriter != null)
					printWriter.close();
				if(inputStream != null)
					inputStream.close();
				if(inputStreamReader != null)
					inputStreamReader.close();
				if(bufferedreader != null)
					bufferedreader.close();				
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
	/**
	 * 证书信任管理器（用于https请求）
	 * 
	 * @author liufeng
	 * @date 2013-08-08
	 */
	public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {

		public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
		}

		public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
		}

		public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
			return null;
		}
	}
}