python安装

一、python了解
1、python

python是一种面向对象的编程语言，

2、python的优点

简单、优雅、明确
强大的第三方库模块
可跨平台移植

3、python的缺点

代码执行速度慢,相比C语言,不过现在python的
异步并发框架导致执行速度慢
python是开源的编程语言,代码不能加密

二、python的安装
1、官网安装

python安装官网为：www.python.org

2、linux镜像自带安装

可直接通过yum命令安装

[kiosk@oundation51 Desktop]$ yum install python

3、安装包安装

1.下载python3.6安装包到本地
2.解压安装包到/opt/目录

[kiosk@oundation51 Desktop]$  xf Python-3.6.4.tgz -C /opt/
[kiosk@oundation51 Desktop]$  cd /opt/
[kiosk@oundation51 Desktop]$  ls
Python-3.6.4  rh
[kiosk@oundation51 Desktop]$  cd Python-3.6.4/
[kiosk@oundation51 Desktop]$  ls
aclocal.m4    Doc         LICENSE          Objects   pyconfig.h.in
config.guess  Grammar     Mac              Parser    Python
config.sub    Include     Makefile.pre.in  PC        README.rst
configure     install-sh  Misc             PCbuild   setup.py
configure.ac  Lib         Modules          Programs  Tools

3.编译
注意： 先切换到/opt/Python-3.6.4

[kiosk@oundation51 Python-3.6.4]$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3   ####  编译到指定目录
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for python3.6... no
checking for python3... no
checking for python... python
checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
checking for --with-universal-archs... no
checking MACHDEP... linux
checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for --with-icc... no
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/opt/Python-3.6.4':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH     ####  报错，提示没有c编译器
See `config.log' for more details

4.安装gcc
-安装gcc(C语言的编译器),因为python解释器是C语言编写的;

[kiosk@oundation51 Python-3.6.4]$ install gcc -y

5.安装gcc后重新编译

[kiosk@oundation51  Python-3.6.4]$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

4、检测并安装

[kiosk@oundation51  Python-3.6.4]$ make && make install  ####  检测安装时会提示报错

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
make: *** [install] Error 1     #### 没有 zlib 开发包

5、安装zlib开发包

[kiosk@oundation51  Python-3.6.4]$ yum search zlib
Loaded plugins: langpacks
============================== N/S matched: zlib ==============================
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 : Low-level interface to the zlib compression
                              : library
perl-IO-Zlib.noarch : Perl IO:: style interface to Compress::Zlib
zlib-devel.i686 : Header files and libraries for Zlib development
zlib-devel.x86_64 : Header files and libraries for Zlib development
zlib.x86_64 : The compression and decompression library
zlib.i686 : The compression and decompression library

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[kiosk@oundation51  Python-3.6.4]$ yum install zlib-devel.x86_64 -y 

开发包安装完成后，重新检测安装！！

[kiosk@oundation51  Python-3.6.4]$ make && make install

6.软连接的创建

[kiosk@oundation51  Python-3.6.4]$ ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

7.检测是否成功?
创建成功后可像命令一样使用python

[kiosk@oundation51  Python-3.6.4]$ python3
Python 3.6.4 (default, May 29 2018, 21:53:47) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

三、python的编码格式
ASCII：1字节=8bit，2**8-1=255
Unicode：2字节=16bit，2**16-1=65535
utf-8：可变字节编码，英文：1字节，中文3字节
1、python3

[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]$ vim hello.py
[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]$ chmod +x hello.py 
[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]$ ./hello.py 
hello world!!
[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]$ cat hello.py 
#!/usr/bin/python3
print("hello world!!")

2、python2.7

python2中需要加入编码格式

[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]# chmod +x hello1.py 
[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]]# ./hello1.py 
  File "./hello1.py", line 3
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe4' in file ./hello1.py on line 3, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details
[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]# cat hello1.py 
#!/usr/bin/python
print("hello world")
print("westos")
[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]# vim  hello1.py 
[kiosk@oundation51 mnt]# ./hello1.py 
hello world
westos

3、ipython自动补齐安装包

1.下载ipython安装包 


2.将安装包中的rmp包全部安装

[kiosk@oundation51 ipython]$  yum install * -y

进入ipython模式，会有自动补齐功能

[kiosk@oundation51 Desktop]$ ipython
Python 2.7.5 (default, Oct 11 2015, 17:47:16) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 3.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: pr
%%prun      %precision  %profile    %prun       print       property

KeyboardInterrupt

四、pycharm软件安装

1.下载pycharm安装包
2.解压安装

[kiosk@oundation51 ~]$ tar xf pycharm-community-2017.1.4.tar.gz -C /opt/
[kiosk@oundation51 ~]$ cd /opt/
[kiosk@oundation51 opt]$ ls
pycharm-community-2017.1.4  Python-3.6.4  rh
[kiosk@oundation51 opt]$ mv pycharm-community-2017.1.4  pycharm
[kiosk@oundation51 opt]$ cd pycharm/
[kiosk@oundation51 pycharm]# ls
bin        help     Install-Linux-tar.txt  lib      plugins
build.txt  helpers  jre64                  license
[kiosk@oundation51 pycharm]# cd bin/
[kiosk@oundation51 bin]# ls
format.sh       idea.properties  pycharm64.vmoptions  restart.py
fsnotifier      inspect.sh       pycharm.png
fsnotifier64    log.xml          pycharm.sh
fsnotifier-arm  printenv.py      pycharm.vmoptions
[kiosk@oundation51 bin]# su - student      ###  安装时切换普通用户
Last login: Thu May 11 20:23:54 EDT 2017 on pts/0
[kiosk@oundation51 ~]$ cd /opt/pycharm/bin/
[kiosk@oundation51 bin]$ ./pycharm.sh

首次安装选择默认安装就ok

3、pycharm快捷设置

Alt + Insert：新建文件/目录
ctrl + alt + s：python配置
ctrl + shift + F10：执行
ctrl + d ：快速复制
ctrl + alt + l ：调整格式