st_mode解析

st_mode在stat结构中。

struct stat的结构如下：
struct stat {
dev_t st_dev; /* device */
ino_t st_ino; /* inode */
mode_t st_mode; /* protection */
nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links */
uid_t st_uid; /* user ID of owner */
gid_t st_gid; /* group ID of owner */
dev_t st_rdev; /* device type (if inode device) */
off_t st_size; /* total size, in bytes */
blksize_t st_blksize; /* blocksize for filesystem I/O */
blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* number of blocks allocated */
time_t st_atime; /* time of last access */
time_t st_mtime; /* time of last modification */
time_t st_ctime; /* time of last status change */
};

st_mode的类型 为mode_t，其实就是普通的unsigned int。

目前，st_mode使用了其低19bit. 0170000 => 1+ 3*5 = 16.
其中，最低的9位(0-8)是权限，9-11是id，12-15是类型。
具体定义如下：
S_IFMT 0170000 bitmask for the file type bitfields
S_IFSOCK 0140000 socket
S_IFLNK 0120000 symbolic link
S_IFREG 0100000 regular file
S_IFBLK 0060000 block device
S_IFDIR 0040000 directory
S_IFCHR 0020000 character device
S_IFIFO 0010000 fifo
S_ISUID 0004000 set UID bit
S_ISGID 0002000 set GID bit (see below)
S_ISVTX 0001000 sticky bit (see below)
S_IRWXU 00700 mask for file owner permissions
S_IRUSR 00400 owner has read permission
S_IWUSR 00200 owner has write permission
S_IXUSR 00100 owner has execute permission
S_IRWXG 00070 mask for group permissions
S_IRGRP 00040 group has read permission
S_IWGRP 00020 group has write permission
S_IXGRP 00010 group has execute permission
S_IRWXO 00007 mask for permissions for others (not in group)
S_IROTH 00004 others have read permission
S_IWOTH 00002 others have write permisson
S_IXOTH 00001 others have execute permission

当我们需要快速获得文件类型或访问权限时，最好的方法就是使用glibc定义的宏。
如：S_ISDIR，S_IRWXU等。

如果要测试是否可读，进行如下操作即可

struct stat tmpStat;

if（S_IRUSR & tmpStat.st_mode）

{

printf("user can read\n");

}