在Win32应用程序中添加控制台窗口

1.  背景知识介绍

1.Win32 Handles和RTL Handles
标准C定义的文件操作类型为FILE*
Win32 API定义文件操作的类型为 HANDLE,  在Windows平台上， 标准C的输入输出函数是HANDLE实现， 标准C的输入输出FILE* 类型会和相应的HANDLE关联。
标准C函数预定义了三个FILE* 变量:  stdin, stdout和stderr
Win32 也分别定义了这三个HANDLE， 可以通过HANDLE GetStdHandle() 函数取得

GetStdHandle 参数：
STD_INPUT_HANDLE
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
STD_ERROR_HANDLE
这些HANDLE都可以重定向到文件或者控制台窗口，Win32 GUI程序没有控制台窗口，所以Win32的这三个File HANDLE也没有指向Standard input, output, error,  但是我们可以将这三个 FILE HANDLE重定向到控制台窗口，然后将标准C FILE* 关联到这些HANDLE。然后我们就可以正常使用C标准输入输出函数了。

其他用到的函数
_open_osfhandle() 函数， 返回一个RTL handle, 这个RTL handle与Win32  FILE HANDLE相关联， 通过这个RTL handle重定向I/O

FILE *_fdopen(int fd, const char *mode ); 基于文件描述符打开一个C输入输出流 

代码

#include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <io.h> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #ifndef _USE_OLD_IOSTREAMS using namespace std; #endif // maximum mumber of lines the output console should have static const WORD MAX_CONSOLE_LINES = 500; void RedirectIOToConsole() { int hConHandle; long lStdHandle; CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO coninfo; FILE *fp; // allocate a console for this app AllocConsole(); // set the screen buffer to be big enough to let us scroll text GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &coninfo); coninfo.dwSize.Y = MAX_CONSOLE_LINES; SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), coninfo.dwSize); // redirect unbuffered STDOUT to the console lStdHandle = (long)GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); hConHandle = _open_osfhandle(lStdHandle, _O_TEXT); fp = _fdopen( hConHandle, "w" ); *stdout = *fp; setvbuf( stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0 ); // redirect unbuffered STDIN to the console lStdHandle = (long)GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE); hConHandle = _open_osfhandle(lStdHandle, _O_TEXT); fp = _fdopen( hConHandle, "r" ); *stdin = *fp; setvbuf( stdin, NULL, _IONBF, 0 ); // redirect unbuffered STDERR to the console lStdHandle = (long)GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE); hConHandle = _open_osfhandle(lStdHandle, _O_TEXT); fp = _fdopen( hConHandle, "w" ); *stderr = *fp; setvbuf( stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0 ); // make cout, wcout, cin, wcin, wcerr, cerr, wclog and clog // point to console as well ios::sync_with_stdio(); }

 

测试

void test() { int iVar; RedirectIOToConsole(); // test stdio fprintf(stdout, "Test output to stdout/n"); fprintf(stderr, "Test output to stderr/n"); fprintf(stdout, "Enter an integer to test stdin: "); scanf("%d", &iVar); printf("You entered %d/n", iVar); //test iostreams cout << "Test output to cout" << endl; cerr << "Test output to cerr" << endl; clog << "Test output to clog" << endl; cout << "Enter an integer to test cin: "; cin >> iVar; cout << "You entered " << iVar << endl; }

 

参考

http://www.halcyon.com/~ast/dload/guicon.htm