膨胀与腐蚀

形态学操作

    形态学操作就是基于形状的一些列图像处理操作。通过结构元素作用于输入图像产生输出图像。

    结构元素，就是形态学操作的处理内核。通过内核与图像的卷积完成处理过程。内核可以有各种形状如矩形，圆形，菱形。结构元素的锚点（即与处理元素重合的点）默认为中心（参数cv::Point()-1,-1）.opencv一般默认3*3的结构元素，我们也可以自己定义1,3,5,7尺寸的结构元素。例如定义一个7*7的cv::Mat element(7,7,CV_8U,Scalar(1)).

一般情况下形态学操作针对的是单通道图。

最基本的形态学操作有二：腐蚀与膨胀(Erosion 与 Dilation)。 他们的运用广泛：

消除噪声

分割(isolate)独立的图像元素，以及连接(join)相邻的元素。

寻找图像中的明显的极大值区域或极小值区域。

cv::dilate(cornerStrength,dilated,cv::Mat());
  cv::compare(cornerStrength,dilataed,localMax,cv::CMP_EQ);

利用膨胀是用最大值替换的原则，只有最大值不变，将区域中的最大值位置提取出来

膨胀腐蚀是针对较大的元素而言的，故膨胀是亮色的膨胀（暗色腐蚀），腐蚀是亮色的腐蚀（暗色膨胀）

void  erode (const  Mat&  src,  Mat&  dst, const  Mat&  element, Point  anchor=Point(-1, -1), int  iterations=1, int  borderType=BORDER_CONSTANT, const Scalar& borderValue=morphologyDefaultBorderValue() ) ¶

Erodes an image by using a specific structuring element.

Parameters:

src – The source image dst – The destination image. It will have the same size and the same type as src element – The structuring element used for dilation. If element=Mat() , a  rectangular structuring element is used anchor – Position of the anchor within the element. The default value  means that the anchor is at the element center iterations – The number of times erosion is applied borderType – The pixel extrapolation method; see borderInterpolate() borderValue – The border value in case of a constant border. The default value has a special meaning, see createMorphoogyFilter()

The function erodes the source image using the specified structuring element that determines the shape of a pixel neighborhood over which the minimum is taken:

The function supports the in-place mode. Erosion can be applied several ( iterations ) times. In the case of multi-channel images each channel is processed independently.

void  erode (const  Mat&  src,  Mat&  dst, const  Mat&  element, Point  anchor=Point(-1, -1), int  iterations=1, int  borderType=BORDER_CONSTANT, const Scalar& borderValue=morphologyDefaultBorderValue() ) ¶

Erodes an image by using a specific structuring element.

Parameters:

src – The source image dst – The destination image. It will have the same size and the same type as src element – The structuring element used for dilation. If element=Mat() , a  rectangular structuring element is used anchor – Position of the anchor within the element. The default value  means that the anchor is at the element center iterations – The number of times erosion is applied borderType – The pixel extrapolation method; see borderInterpolate() borderValue – The border value in case of a constant border. The default value has a special meaning, see createMorphoogyFilter()

The function erodes the source image using the specified structuring element that determines the shape of a pixel neighborhood over which the minimum is taken:

The function supports the in-place mode. Erosion can be applied several ( iterations ) times. In the case of multi-channel images each channel is processed independently.