C++反射机制（通过类名获取类对象指针）

1、通过单例模式创建对象；

2、注册类将对象和类名称存储都map,并且提供获取类对象的函数;

3、通过宏将对象和类名注册到map中；

classFactory.h




#pragma once
//工厂类的定义
#include<map>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

typedef void* (*PTRCreateObject)(void);//指针函数
class ClassFactory 
{
private:
	map<string, PTRCreateObject> m_classMap;
	ClassFactory() {}; //构造函数私有化

public:
	void* getClassByName(string className);
	void registClass(string name, PTRCreateObject method);
	static ClassFactory& getInstance();
};

//工厂类的实现

//@brief:获取工厂类的单个实例对象  
ClassFactory& ClassFactory::getInstance()
{
	static ClassFactory sLo_factory;
	return sLo_factory;
}

//@brief:通过类名称字符串获取类的实例
void* ClassFactory::getClassByName(string className) {
	map<string, PTRCreateObject>::const_iterator iter;
	iter = m_classMap.find(className);
	if (iter == m_classMap.end())
		return NULL;
	else
		return iter->second();
}

//@brief:将给定的类名称字符串和对应的创建类对象的函数保存到map中   
void ClassFactory::registClass(string name, PTRCreateObject method)
{
	m_classMap.insert(pair<string,PTRCreateObject>(name, method));
}

registerAction.h


#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include"ClassFactory.h"
#include"TestClassA.h"
#include"TestClassB.h"

using namespace std;

class RegisterAction
{
public:
	RegisterAction(std::string className, PTRCreateObject ptrCreateFn)
	{
		ClassFactory::getInstance().registClass(className, ptrCreateFn);
	}
};
//RegisterAction g_creatorRegisterTestClassA("TestClassA", (PTRCreateObject)createObjTestClassA);
//RegisterAction g_creatorRegisterTestClassA("TestClassB", (PTRCreateObject)createObjTestClassB);

直接通过该注册类对象实现将类名和对象注册到map中；

rsgisterAction.h
//通过这个宏可以简化注册对象
#pragma once
#include"RegisterAction.h"
//#define REGISTER(className) className* objectCreator className(){ return new className;} RegisterAction g_creatorRegister##className(className,(PTRCreateObject)objectCreator##className)

#define REGISTER(className)                                             \
    className* ObjectCreator(){                              \
        return new className;                                           \
    }RegisterAction CreatorRegister(#className,(PTRCreateObject)ObjectCreator)

测试如下：

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;
size_t count_calls()
{
	static size_t ctr = 0; //调用结束后，这个值仍然有效?
	return ++ctr; //每次调用将ctr加1返回新值。并在函数退出时得以保存?
}
//int main() {
//	for (size_t i = 0; i != 10; ++i)
//		cout << count_calls() << " ";
//	cout << endl;
//	return 0;
//}

#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#include"Register.h"
using namespace std;

//test class
class TestClass {
public:
	void m_print() {
		cout << "hello TestClass" << endl;
	};
};
class TestClassA
{
public:
	void m_print()
	{
		cout << "hello TestClassA" << endl;
	}

};
class TestClassB
{
public:
	void m_print()
	{
		cout << "hello TestClassB" << endl;
	}
};
//REGISTER(TestClassA);
REGISTER(TestClassB);

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
	TestClassB* ptrObj = (TestClassB*)ClassFactory::getInstance().getClassByName("TestClassB");
	ptrObj->m_print();
	return 0;
}