一、dubbo概念
Apache Dubbo是一款高性能的Java RPC框架。其前身是阿里巴巴公司开源的、轻量级的开源Java RPC 框架,可以和Spring框架无缝集成。
二、dubbo框架
虚线都是异步访问,实线都是同步访问 蓝色虚线:在启动时完成的功能 红色虚线(实线)都是程序运行过程中执行的功能 调用关系说明:
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服务容器负责启动,加载,运行服务提供者。
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服务提供者在启动时,向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。
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服务消费者在启动时,向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。
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注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者,如果有变更,注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。
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服务消费者,从提供者地址列表中,基于软负载均衡算法,选一台提供者进行调用,如果调用失败,再选另一台调用。
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服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。
三、入门案例
在案例中我们的注册中心使用Zookeeper,安装完Zookeeper后启动。准备共两个服务,服务提供方和服务消费方。
- 首先创建服务提供方dubbodemo_provider,pom文件如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lxt</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbodemo-provider</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo相关 --> <dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
<version>3.12.1.GA</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<!-- 指定端口 -->
<port>8081</port>
<!-- 请求路径 -->
<path>/</path>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
web.xml文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
创建接口
public interface HelloService {
public String sayHello(String name);
}
实现类
@Service //一定要用dubbo的注解
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
@Override
public String sayHello(String name) {
return "hello :" + name;
}
}
spring文件配置applicationContext-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--当前应用名称,用于注册中心计算应用间依赖关系,注意:消费者和提供者应用名不要一样-->
<dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_provider"></dubbo:application>
<!--连接服务注册中心zookeeper的地址-->
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.134.129:2181"></dubbo:registry>
<!--服务注册的协议和端口,默认端口20880-->
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20881"></dubbo:protocol>
<!--扫描指定的包,加入@Service注解的类会被发布成dubbo服务-->
<dubbo:annotation package="com.lxt.service.impl"></dubbo:annotation>
</beans>
- 接下来创建服务消费方dubbodemo_consumer
pom文件沿用provider的,只需改下端口号
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<!-- 指定端口 -->
<port>8082</port>
<!-- 请求路径 -->
<path>/</path>
</configuration>
</plugin>
web.xml文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext-web.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
创建控制器
@RestController
@RequestMapping("demo")
public class HelloController {
@Reference //可以得到本地接口的远程代理对象
private HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping("hello")
public String sayHello(String name) {
//远程调用
String result = helloService.sayHello(name);
System.out.println(result);
return result;
}
}
spring配置文件applicationContext-web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--当前应用名称,用于注册中心计算应用间依赖关系,注意:消费者和提供者应用名不要一样-->
<dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_consumer"></dubbo:application>
<!--连接服务注册中心zookeeper的地址-->
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.134.129:2181"></dubbo:registry>
<!--扫描指定的包,加入@Service注解的类会被发布成dubbo服务-->
<dubbo:annotation package="com.lxt.controller"></dubbo:annotation>
</beans>
好了,配置完成之后直接启动就可以使用了。