13. Roman to Integer
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Difficulty: Easy
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, two is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII
, which is simply X
+ II
. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII
, which is XX
+ V
+ II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: "III"
Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: "IV"
Output: 4
Example 3:
Input: "IX"
Output: 9
Example 4:
Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: C = 100, L = 50, XXX = 30 and III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
Solution
Language: Java
class Solution {
public int romanToInt(String s) {
if (s == null || s.length()==0) {
return 0;
}
Map<Character, Integer> m = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
m.put('I', 1);
m.put('V', 5);
m.put('X', 10);
m.put('L', 50);
m.put('C', 100);
m.put('D', 500);
m.put('M', 1000);
int length = s.length();
int result = m.get(s.charAt(length - 1));
for (int i = length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
if (m.get(s.charAt(i + 1)) <= m.get(s.charAt(i))) {
result += m.get(s.charAt(i));
} else {
result -= m.get(s.charAt(i));
}
}
return result;
}
}