学习Linux的第十三天（Vdo卷的创建）

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 10:08:59 发布

羚小圆

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 10:08:59 发布

阅读量1.3k

点赞数

文章标签：学习 linux 5g

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ly2635/article/details/127513901

版权

4. vdo卷的创建
什么是vdo技术，这是RHEL8中特有的技术
红帽公司收购了一个公司叫 permabit
vdo就是 permabit这个公司的技术
vdo也不是使用lvm来管理，是一个单独的技术。
vdo最大的作用就是节省硬盘空间，可以做到一个1TB的硬盘，直接存放3TB的数据甚至更多
vdo是怎么实现这个功能的？靠的就是删除和压缩解压缩技术重删就是把硬盘里相同的数据以前要存多份，现在会把多余的删掉，只留一份。，压缩算法来节省空间。

我们要使用vdo技术将一块20 GD的硬盘，直接做成60G，并且挂载到系统上直接使用

yum install -y  vdo     kmod-kvdo

安装时间较长，大约需要几分钟，安装完成以后需要重启设备

[root@rhel8-server ~]# vdo create   --name=testvdo   --device=/dev/nvme0n3  --vdoLogicalSize=60G
Creating VDO testvdo
      The VDO volume can address 16 GB in 8 data slabs, each 2 GB.
      It can grow to address at most 16 TB of physical storage in 8192 slabs.
      If a larger maximum size might be needed, use bigger slabs.
Starting VDO testvdo
Starting compression on VDO testvdo
VDO instance 0 volume is ready at /dev/mapper/testvdo
[root@rhel8-server ~]# lsblk 
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                11:0    1  6.6G  0 rom  /run/media/root/RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64
nvme0n1           259:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1       259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2       259:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root     253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap     253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
nvme0n2           259:3    0   20G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n2p1       259:4    0    5G  0 part 
│ └─testvg-testlv 253:2    0  4.8G  0 lvm  /volume1
├─nvme0n2p2       259:5    0    5G  0 part 
│ └─myvg-mylv     253:3    0    4G  0 lvm  /new-volume
└─nvme0n2p3       259:6    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
nvme0n3           259:7    0   20G  0 disk 
└─testvdo         253:4    0   60G  0 vdo  
[root@rhel8-server ~]# mkfs.xfs    /dev/mapper/testvdo 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/testvdo    isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=3932160 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=15728640, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=7680, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

[root@rhel8-server ~]# mkdir   /vdoblock

[root@rhel8-server /]# vim   /etc/fstab 

/dev/mapper/testvdo     /vdoblock    xfs  defaults,x-systemd.requires=vdo.service  0  0 
[root@rhel8-server /]# mount -a
[root@rhel8-server /]# df  -hT
Filesystem                Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                  devtmpfs  1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G   10M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root     xfs        17G  4.2G   13G  25% /
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv     xfs       4.0G   61M  4.0G   2% /new-volume
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv ext4      4.7G   16M  4.4G   1% /volume1
/dev/nvme0n1p1            xfs      1014M  243M  772M  24% /boot
tmpfs                     tmpfs     371M   16K  371M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     tmpfs     371M  2.3M  369M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                  iso9660   6.7G  6.7G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64
/dev/mapper/testvdo       xfs        60G  461M   60G   1% /vdoblock

实验5：关于逻辑卷的缩小

[root@rhel8-server /]# df  -hT     查看一下目前的大小
Filesystem                Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                  devtmpfs  1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G   10M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root     xfs        17G  4.2G   13G  25% /
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv     xfs       4.0G   61M  4.0G   2% /new-volume
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv ext4      4.7G   16M  4.4G   1% /volume1
/dev/nvme0n1p1            xfs      1014M  243M  772M  24% /boot
tmpfs                     tmpfs     371M   16K  371M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     tmpfs     371M  2.3M  369M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                  iso9660   6.7G  6.7G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64
/dev/mapper/testvdo       xfs        60G  463M   60G   1% /vdoblock

在做磁盘裁剪的时候，首先必须要把文件系统给取消挂载

[root@rhel8-server /]# umount  /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 
[root@rhel8-server /]# df -hT
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G   10M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        17G  4.2G   13G  25% /
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv xfs       4.0G   61M  4.0G   2% /new-volume
/dev/nvme0n1p1        xfs      1014M  243M  772M  24% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     371M   16K  371M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     371M  2.3M  369M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0              iso9660   6.7G  6.7G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64
/dev/mapper/testvdo   xfs        60G  463M   60G   1% /vdoblock

裁剪前必须要检测文件系统，避免把文件系统的错误扩大化导致文件系统奔溃

[root@rhel8-server /]# e2fsck -f   /dev/testvg/testlv 
e2fsck 1.44.3 (10-July-2018)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/testvg/testlv: 11/319488 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 40540/1258496 blocks
[root@rhel8-server /]# 
[root@rhel8-server /]# resize2fs  /dev/testvg/testlv     2G
resize2fs 1.44.3 (10-July-2018)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv to 524288 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv is now 524288 (4k) blocks long.

[root@rhel8-server /]# lvreduce   -L   2G   /dev/testvg/testlv 
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce testvg/testlv? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 4.80 GiB (1229 extents) to 2.00 GiB (512 extents).
  Logical volume testvg/testlv successfully resized.
[root@rhel8-server /]# mount -a
[root@rhel8-server /]# df  -hT
Filesystem                Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                  devtmpfs  1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G   10M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root     xfs        17G  4.2G   13G  25% /
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv     xfs       4.0G   61M  4.0G   2% /new-volume
/dev/nvme0n1p1            xfs      1014M  243M  772M  24% /boot
tmpfs                     tmpfs     371M   16K  371M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     tmpfs     371M  2.3M  369M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                  iso9660   6.7G  6.7G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64
/dev/mapper/testvdo       xfs        60G  463M   60G   1% /vdoblock
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv ext4      2.0G   12M  1.8G   1% /volume1

实验6 逻辑卷的删除

[root@rhel8-server /]# umount   /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 
[root@rhel8-server /]# 
[root@rhel8-server /]# vim /etc/fstab      配置文件需要清除这一行命令
[root@rhel8-server /]# 
[root@rhel8-server /]# 
[root@rhel8-server /]# lvremove   /dev/testvg/testlv 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume testvg/testlv? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "testlv" successfully removed
[root@rhel8-server /]# vgremove   testvg 
  Volume group "testvg" successfully removed
[root@rhel8-server /]# pvremove    /dev/nvme0n2p1 
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/nvme0n2p1" successfully wiped.

实验7 ：逻辑卷快照技术
LVM还具备有“快照卷”功能，该功能类似于虚拟机软件的还原时间点功能。例如，可以对某一个逻辑卷设备做一次快照，如果日后发现数据被改错了，就可以利用之前做好的快照卷进行覆盖还原。LVM的快照卷功能有两个特点：
快照卷的容量必须等同于逻辑卷的容量；
快照卷仅一次有效，一旦执行还原操作后则会被立即自动删除。

[root@rhel8-server /]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               myvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <5.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1279
  Alloc PE / Size       1024 / 4.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       255 / 1020.00 MiB
  VG UUID               6DqrkB-18SV-uf0r-AvzU-QgJY-8Zib-lc5OEe
   
[root@rhel8-server /]# echo "hello,world"    >   /new-volume/readme.txt     //在还原时间点快照前写入一个文件，验证恢复快照不会丢失之前的文件  
[root@rhel8-server /]# ls  -l   /new-volume/      检查刚刚写入的文件是否存在
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12 Jan 18 03:43 readme.txt
[root@rhel8-server /]# lvcreate   -L   120M   -s     -n  SNAP   /dev/myvg/mylv       //给这个lv卷打一个快照
  Logical volume "SNAP" created.
[root@rhel8-server /]# lvdisplay            //查看lv所有卷组，会发现快照卷已经存在了
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/mylv
  LV Name                mylv
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                LzpESZ-2eF4-j1hf-ZJAj-DYKA-dl1y-BsGTF0
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time rhel8-server, 2022-01-18 01:51:32 -0500
  LV snapshot status     source of
                         SNAP [active]
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                4.00 GiB
  Current LE             1024
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:3
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/SNAP
  LV Name                SNAP
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                uw7iP9-ahPA-W4b1-fgto-0UlM-p7Zi-ts3vxz
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time rhel8-server, 2022-01-18 03:44:13 -0500
  LV snapshot status     active destination for mylv
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                4.00 GiB
  Current LE             1024
  COW-table size         120.00 MiB
  COW-table LE           30
  Allocated to snapshot  0.00%
  Snapshot chunk size    4.00 KiB
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:6

在逻辑卷所挂载的目录中创建一个100MB的垃圾文件，然后再查看快照卷的状态。可以发现存储空间占的用量上升了

[root@rhel8-server /]# dd  if=/dev/zero    of=/new-volume/files   count=1  bs=100M
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB, 100 MiB) copied, 0.138176 s, 759 MB/s
[root@rhel8-server /]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/mylv
  LV Name                mylv
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                LzpESZ-2eF4-j1hf-ZJAj-DYKA-dl1y-BsGTF0
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time rhel8-server, 2022-01-18 01:51:32 -0500
  LV snapshot status     source of
                         SNAP [active]
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                4.00 GiB
  Current LE             1024
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:3
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/SNAP
  LV Name                SNAP
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                uw7iP9-ahPA-W4b1-fgto-0UlM-p7Zi-ts3vxz
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time rhel8-server, 2022-01-18 03:44:13 -0500
  LV snapshot status     active destination for mylv
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                4.00 GiB
  Current LE             1024
  COW-table size         120.00 MiB
  COW-table LE           30
  Allocated to snapshot  83.67%
  Snapshot chunk size    4.00 KiB
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:6

恢复快照之前必须要取消挂载

[root@rhel8-server /]# umount   /new-volume 
[root@rhel8-server /]# lvconvert --merge   /dev/myvg/SNAP        通过lvconvert --merge 来指定快照SNAP恢复
  Merging of volume myvg/SNAP started.
  myvg/mylv: Merged: 35.58%
  myvg/mylv: Merged: 100.00%
[root@rhel8-server /]# mount -a         //挂载所有卷组
[root@rhel8-server /]# cd /new-volume/
[root@rhel8-server new-volume]# ll       //此时刚刚的100M垃圾随着快照技术已经删除了
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12 Jan 18 03:43 readme.txt