poj 3225 Help with Intervals -线段树-延迟标记-区间交并补

Help with Intervals Time Limit: 6000MS   Memory Limit: 131072K Total Submissions: 13257   Accepted: 3350 Case Time Limit: 2000MS Description LogLoader, Inc. is a company specialized in providing products for analyzing logs. While Ikki is working on graduation design, he is also engaged in an internship at LogLoader. Among his tasks, one is to write a module for manipulating time intervals, which have confused him a lot. Now he badly needs your help. In discrete mathematics, you have studied several basic set operations, namely union, intersection, relative complementation and symmetric difference, which naturally apply to the specialization of sets as intervals.. For your quick reference they are summarized in the table below: Operation Notation Definition Union A ∪ B {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B} Intersection A ∩ B {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B} Relative complementation A − B {x : x ∈ A but x ∉ B} Symmetric difference A ⊕ B (A − B) ∪ (B − A) Ikki has abstracted the interval operations emerging from his job as a tiny programming language. He wants you to implement an interpreter for him. The language maintains a set S, which starts out empty and is modified as specified by the following commands: Command Semantics U T S ← S ∪ T I T S ← S ∩ T D T S ← S − T C T S ← T − S S T S ← S ⊕ T Input The input contains exactly one test case, which consists of between 0 and 65,535 (inclusive) commands of the language. Each command occupies a single line and appears like X T where X is one of ‘U’, ‘I’, ‘D’, ‘C’ and ‘S’ and T is an interval in one of the forms (a,b), (a,b], [a,b) and [a,b] (a, b ∈ Z, 0 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ 65,535), which take their usual meanings. The commands are executed in the order they appear in the input. End of file (EOF) indicates the end of input. Output Output the set S as it is after the last command is executed as the union of a minimal collection of disjoint intervals. The intervals should be printed on one line separated by single spaces and appear in increasing order of their endpoints. If S is empty, just print “empty set” and nothing else. Sample Input U [1,5] D [3,3] S [2,4] C (1,5) I (2,3] Sample Output (2,3)

/*
集合(a,b), (a,b], [a,b) [a,b]的交并补差
用0和1表示是否包含区间,-1表示该区间内既有包含又有不包含
并   U:把区间[l,r]覆盖成1，
交   I:把[-∞,l)(r,∞]覆盖成0，
s-t   D:把区间[l,r]覆盖成0，
t-s   C:把[-∞,l)(r,∞]覆盖成0 , 且[l,r]区间0/1互换
异或  S:[l,r]区间0/1互换

比较特殊的就是区间0/1互换这个操作,我们可以称之为异或操作
很明显我们可以知道这个性质:当一个区间被覆盖后,不管之前有没有异或标记都没有意义了
所以当一个节点得到覆盖标记时把异或标记清空
而当一个节点得到异或标记的时候,先判断覆盖标记,
如果是0或1,直接改变一下覆盖标记,
不然的话改变异或标记
开闭区间只要数字乘以2就可以处理,偶数表示[],奇数表示()

*/
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1

const int maxn = 131072;
bool hash[maxn];
int cover[maxn<<2];
int XOR[maxn<<2];
void FXOR(int rt) {///给rt进行异或操作
	if (cover[rt] != -1) cover[rt] ^= 1;///先覆盖-异或-覆盖，相当于异或-覆盖
	else XOR[rt] ^= 1;///取消这个标记，异或偶数次等于不做
}
void PushDown(int rt) {
	if (cover[rt] != -1) {
		cover[rt<<1] = cover[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt];
		XOR[rt<<1] = XOR[rt<<1|1] = 0;
		cover[rt] = -1;
	}
	if (XOR[rt]) {
		FXOR(rt<<1);
		FXOR(rt<<1|1);
		XOR[rt] = 0;
	}
}
void update(char op,int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
	if (L <= l && r <= R) {
		if (op == 'U') {
			cover[rt] = 1;
			XOR[rt] = 0;
		} else if (op == 'D') {
			cover[rt] = 0;
			XOR[rt] = 0;
		} else if (op == 'C' || op == 'S') {
			FXOR(rt);
		}
		return ;
	}
	PushDown(rt);
	int m = (l + r) >> 1;
	if (L <= m) update(op , L , R , lson);
	else if (op == 'I' || op == 'C') {///区间在右儿子处则左儿子置零
		XOR[rt<<1] = cover[rt<<1] = 0;
	}
	if (m < R) update(op , L , R , rson);
	else if (op == 'I' || op == 'C') {///区间在左儿子处则右儿子置零
		XOR[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt<<1|1] = 0;
	}
}
void query(int l,int r,int rt) {
	if (cover[rt] == 1) {
		for (int it = l ; it <= r ; it ++) {
			hash[it] = true;
		}
		return ;
	} else if (cover[rt] == 0) return ;

	PushDown(rt);
	int m = (l + r) >> 1;
	query(lson);
	query(rson);
}
int main() {
	cover[1] = XOR[1] = 0;
	char op , l , r;
	int a , b;
	while ( ~scanf("%c %c%d,%d%c\n",&op , &l , &a , &b , &r) ) {
		a <<= 1 , b <<= 1;
		if (l == '(') a ++;
		if (r == ')') b --;
		if (a > b) {///空集
			if (op == 'C' || op == 'I') {
				cover[1] = XOR[1] = 0;
			}
		} else update(op , a , b , 0 , maxn , 1);
	}
	query(0 , maxn , 1);
	bool flag = false;
	int s = -1 , e;
	for (int i = 0 ; i <= maxn ; i ++) {
		if (hash[i]) {
			if (s == -1) s = i;
			e = i;
		} else {
			if (s != -1) {
				if (flag) printf(" ");
				flag = true;
				printf("%c%d,%d%c",s&1?'(':'[' , s>>1 , (e+1)>>1 , e&1?')':']');
				s = -1;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!flag) printf("empty set");
	puts("");
	return 0;
}