特性
1.依赖于底层数组复制,对于修改操作是线程安全的
//添加元素
public boolean add(E e) {
//低效操作(1) 加锁,使用ReentrantLoc是一个消耗性能的方式
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();
int len = elements.length;
//低效操作(2) 新建数组并复制元素到新数组中
Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
newElements[len] = e;
setArray(newElements);
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//移除元素
public E remove(int index) {
//低效操作(1) 加锁
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();
int len = elements.length;
E oldValue = get(elements, index);
int numMoved = len - index - 1;
if (numMoved == 0)
setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - 1));
else {
//低效操作(2) 拷贝
Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
System.arraycopy(elements, index + 1, newElements, index,
numMoved);
setArray(newElements);
}
return oldValue;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
2.操作该集合的花费太大,性能低,但针对遍历是有集合元素变更的操作是有效的
@Test
public void testCopyOnWriteArrayListIterator() {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("aa");
list.add("bb");
list.add("cc");
Iterator it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
//每次遍历添加一个ff,但是不会出现在本次遍历结果中
list.add("ff");
System.out.println(it.next());
}
System.out.println("#############");
//再次遍历原集合
it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
遍历结果:
aa
bb
cc
#############
aa
bb
cc
ff
ff
ff
结果分析
public boolean add(E e) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();
int len = elements.length;
Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
newElements[len] = e;
//关键操作
setArray(newElements);
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
final void setArray(Object[] a) {
//将容器中的数组重新指向了一个数组对象实例
array = a;
}
//遍历实现
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
//每次获取迭代器都是根据当前array实现的,也就是说后面array的改变不影响之前迭代器获取的内容
return new COWIterator<E>(getArray(), 0);
}
3.不会抛ConcurrentModificationException
@Test
public void testArrayList() {
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("aa");
list.add("bb");
list.add("cc");
Iterator it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
list.add("ff");
System.out.println(it.next());
}
//抛出异常
//result java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
}
@Test
public void testCopyOnWriteArrayList() {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("aa");
list.add("bb");
list.add("cc");
Iterator it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
list.add("ff");
System.out.println(it.next());
}
//正常运行
//result aa bb cc
}