1、什么是JUC
源码+官方文档 面试高频问
java.util工具包、包、分类
业务:普通的线程代码 Thread
Runnable 没有返回值、效率相比Callable低
2、线程和进程
线程、进程,如果不能使用一句话说出来的技术,不扎实!
进程:一个程序,QQ.exe Music.exe程序的集合:
一个进程往往可以包含多个线程,至少包含一个!
java默认有两个线程?:一个main线程,一个gc线程
线程:开了一个进程Typora,写字,自动保存(线程负责的)
对于java而言:Thread,Runnable,Callable
java真的可以开启线程么? 不可以,看下面,最终调用的start方法
public synchronized void start() {
/**
* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
*
* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
*/
if (threadStatus != 0)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
/* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
* so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
* and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
group.add(this);
boolean started = false;
try {
start0();
started = true;
} finally {
try {
if (!started) {
group.threadStartFailed(this);
}
} catch (Throwable ignore) {
/* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
it will be passed up the call stack */
}
}
}
//本地方法,底层的C++,java无法直接操作硬件
private native void start0();
并发,并行
并发编程:并发,并行
并发(多线程操作同一个资源)
CPU一核,模拟出来多条线程,天下武功,唯快不破,快速交替
并行(多个人一起行走)
CPU多核,多个线程可以同时执行;用线程池提高性能
package com.example.juc;
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取cpu的核数
//cpu密集型,IO密集型
System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
}
}
并发编程的本质:充分利用CPU的资源
所有的公司都很看重!
线程有几个状态?
public enum State {
/**
* 新生
*/
NEW,
/**
* 运行
*/
RUNNABLE,
/**
* 阻塞
*/
BLOCKED,
/**
*
* 等待,死死的等
*/
WAITING,
/**
* 超时等待
*/
TIMED_WAITING,
/**
* 终止
*/
TERMINATED;
}
wait/sleep的区别
1、来自不同的类
wait=>Object
Sleep=>Thread
2、关于锁的释放
wait会释放锁,sleep睡觉了,抱着锁睡觉,不会释放
3、使用的范围是不同的
wait 必须在同步代码块中
sleep 可以再任何地方谁
//一般采用这种睡
try {
TimeUnit.DAYS.sleep(1);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
4、是否需要捕获异常
wait不需要捕获异常
sleep必须要捕获异常
3、lock锁(重点)
传统的Synchronized
lock
公平锁:十分公平,可以先来后到
非公平锁:十分不公平,可以插入(默认)
package com.example.juc;
//基本的买票例子
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* 真正的多线程开发,公司中的开发
* 线程就是一个单独的资源类,没有任何附属的操作!
* 1、属性,方法
*/
public class SaleTicketDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//并发:多线程操作同一个资源类,把资源类丢入线程
Ticket1 ticket = new Ticket1();
//@FunctionalInterface 函数式接口 jdk1.8 lambda表达式(参数)->{代码}
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
}, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
}, "B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
}, "C").start();
}
}
class Ticket1 {
private int number = 50;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void sale() {
lock.lock();
try {
if (number > 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "卖出了1票 剩余:" + number--);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
Synchronized和lock的区别
1、Synchronized 内置的java关键字,Lock是一个java类
2、Synchronized无法获取锁的状态,Lock可以判断是否获取到了锁
3、Synchronized会自动释放锁,lock必须要手动释放锁!如果不释放,死锁
4、Synchronized 线程1(获得锁,阻塞)、线程2(等待,傻傻的等),lock锁就不一定会等待下去
5、Synchronized 可重入锁,不可以中断的,非公平;lock,可重入锁,非公平(可以自己设置)
6、Synchronized 适合锁少量的代码同步问题,Lock适合锁大量的同步代码
锁什么,如何判断锁的是谁!
4、生产者和消费者问题
package com.example.juc;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
}
}
class Data {
private int number = 0;
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
if (number != 0) {
this.wait();
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
this.notify();
}
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
if (number == 0) {
this.wait();
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
this.notify();
}
}
面试的:单例模式,排序算法,生产者和消费者,死锁
问题存在,A B C D 4个线程!安全不,怎么去解决这个问题
if 改为while
-
-
-
线程也可以唤醒,而不会被通知,中断或超时,即所谓的虚假唤醒 。 虽然这在实践中很少会发生,但应用程序必须通过测试应该使线程被唤醒的条件来防范,并且如果条件不满足则继续等待。 换句话说,等待应该总是出现在循环中,就像这样:
synchronized (obj) { while (<condition does not hold>) obj.wait(timeout); ... // Perform action appropriate to condition }
-
-
package com.example.juc;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"C").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"D").start();
}
}
class Data {
private int number = 0;
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
while (number != 0) {
this.wait();
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
this.notify();
}
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
while (number == 0) {
this.wait();
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
this.notify();
}
}
JUC版本的生产者和消费者问题
通过Lock找到condition,condition有signal和 await方法
package com.example.juc;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data1 data = new Data1();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "C").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "D").start();
}
}
class Data1 {
private int number = 0;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
//condition.await(); 等待
//condition.signalAll(); 唤醒全部
public void increment() throws InterruptedException {
lock.lock();
try {
while (number != 0) {
condition.await();
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + number);
condition.signalAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
lock.lock();
try {
while (number == 0) {
condition.await();
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + number);
condition.signalAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
任何一个新的技术不是仅仅只是覆盖原来的技术,会有优势和补充!
如果需要A执行完了通知B,B执行完了通知C,C执行完了通知D,D执行完了通知A
package com.example.juc;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class C {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data2 data = new Data2();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
data.printA();
}
}, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
data.printB();
}
}, "B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
data.printC();
}
}, "C").start();
}
}
class Data2 {
private int number = 1;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
public void printA() {
lock.lock();
try {
//业务,判断,->执行 ->通知
while (number != 1) {
//等待
condition1.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->AAAAAAAAAAAAA");
number = 2;
condition2.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void printB() {
lock.lock();
try {
//业务,判断,->执行 ->通知
while (number != 2) {
//等待
condition2.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->BBBBBBBBBBB");
number = 3;
condition3.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void printC() {
lock.lock();
try {
//业务,判断,->执行 ->通知
while (number != 3) {
//等待
condition3.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->CCCCCCCCCCC");
number = 1;
condition1.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//生产线:下单-》支付-》交易-》物流
}
5、8锁现象
如果判断锁的是谁!
对象,Class
package com.example.juc.lock8;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁,就是关于锁的8个问题
* 1、标准情况下,两个线程先打印 发短信还是打电话?
* 2、sendSms延迟4秒,两个线程先打印 发短信还是打电话?
*/
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone1 phone = new Phone1();
//锁的存在
new Thread(()->{
phone.sendSms();
},"A").start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(()->{
phone.call();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone1{
//synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者!
//两个方法用的是同一个锁,谁先拿到,谁执行
public synchronized void sendSms(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
//这里没有锁,不是同步方法,不受锁的影响
public void hello(){
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
package com.example.juc.lock8;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁,就是关于锁的8个问题
* 3、增加了一个普通方法后!先执行发短信还是hello?普通方法
* 4、两个phone对象!先执行发短信还是hello?普通方法
*/
public class Test2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone2 phone1 = new Phone2();
Phone2 phone2 = new Phone2();
//锁的存在
new Thread(()->{
phone1.sendSms();
},"A").start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(()->{
phone2.hello();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone2{
//synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者!
//两个方法用的是同一个锁,谁先拿到,谁执行
public synchronized void sendSms(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
//这里没有锁,不是同步方法,不受锁的影响
public void hello(){
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
package com.example.juc.lock8;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁,就是关于锁的8个问题
* 5、增加了两个静态的同步方法!先执行发短信还是hello?发短信
* 6、两个对象!先执行发短信还是hello?发短信
*/
public class Test3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个对象的class类模板只有一个,static,锁的是class
Phone3 phone1 = new Phone3();
Phone3 phone2 = new Phone3();
//锁的存在
new Thread(()->{
phone1.sendSms();
},"A").start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(()->{
phone2.call();
},"B").start();
}
}
//phone3唯一的一个class对象
class Phone3{
//synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者!
//static 静态方法
//类一加载就走了!class 模板
public static synchronized void sendSms(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public static synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
}
package com.example.juc.lock8;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁,就是关于锁的8个问题
* 7、1个静态的同步方法,一个普通的同步方法,先打印发短信?打电话
* 8、两个phone对象,先打印发短信?打电话
*/
public class Test4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个对象的class类模板只有一个,static,锁的是class
Phone4 phone1 = new Phone4();
Phone4 phone2 = new Phone4();
//锁的存在
new Thread(() -> {
phone1.sendSms();
}, "A").start();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(() -> {
phone2.call();
}, "B").start();
}
}
class Phone4 {
//静态的同步方法
public static synchronized void sendSms() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public void call() {
System.out.println("打电话");
}
}
1、看锁的是对象还是class,加了static的会锁class,没有加sync的不参与锁
6、集合类不安全
list不安全
package com.example.juc.unsafe;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
//Exception in thread "1" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//并发下 Arraylist 不安全的么?
//List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
/*
*解决方案:
* 1、List<String> list = new Vector<>();
* 2、List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
* 3、List<String> list = new CopyOnWriterArrayList<>();
*/
//copyOnWrite写入时复制 cow计算机程序设计领域的一种优化策略
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5));
System.out.println(list);
}, String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
// public boolean add(E e) {
// final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
// lock.lock();
// try {
// Object[] elements = getArray();
// int len = elements.length;
// Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
// newElements[len] = e;
// setArray(newElements);
// return true;
// } finally {
// lock.unlock();
// }
// }
}
学习方法:1、先会用 2货比三家,寻找其他解决方案3、分析源码
set不安全
同理,可以new CopyOnWriteArraySet();
HashSet底层是什么?
public HashSet() {
map = new HashMap<>();
}
//add set 本质是map key是无法重复的
public boolean add(E e) {
return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
}
HashMap 不安全
conCurrentHashMap
7、Callable()
-
@FunctionalInterface public interface Callable<V>
返回结果并可能引发异常的任务。实现者定义一个没有参数的单一方法,称为
call
。Callable
接口类似于Runnable
,因为它们都是为其实例可能由另一个线程执行的类设计的。 然而,ARunnable
不返回结果,也不能抛出被检查的异常。该
Executors
类包含的实用方法,从其他普通形式转换为Callable
类。
package com.example.juc.callable;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
public class CallableTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
// new Thread(new MyThread()).start();
MyCallableThread myCallableThread = new MyCallableThread();
FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask<>(myCallableThread);
new Thread(futureTask).start();
String o = (String)futureTask.get(); //获取执行的结果, 这个get方法可能会产生阻塞!把他放在最后
//或者使用异步通信来处理!
System.out.println(o);
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
}
}
class MyCallableThread implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
return "我的返回值";
}
}
8、常用辅助类
1、CountDownLatch
package com.example.juc.add;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class CountDownLatchDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(6);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"go out");
countDownLatch.countDown();
}, String.valueOf(i)
).start();
}
try {
countDownLatch.await();
System.out.println("执行完了");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
原理:countDownLatch.countDown();//数量-1 countDownLatch.await();阻塞等到变为0
2、CyclicBarrier
-
public class CyclicBarrier extends Object
允许一组线程全部等待彼此达到共同屏障点的同步辅助。循环阻塞在涉及固定大小的线程方的程序中很有用,这些线程必须偶尔等待彼此。屏障被称为循环 ,因为它可以在等待的线程被释放之后重新使用。
A
CyclicBarrier
支持一个可选的Runnable
命令,每个屏障点运行一次,在派对中的最后一个线程到达之后,但在任何线程释放之前。 在任何一方继续进行之前,此屏障操作对更新共享状态很有用。package com.example.juc.add; import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException; import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier; public class CyclicBarrierDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 集齐七颗龙珠召唤神龙 */ //召唤神龙的线程 CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,()->{ System.out.println("召唤神龙成功"); }); for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { final int temp = i; new Thread(()->{ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"收集"+temp+"个龙珠"); try { cyclicBarrier.await(); //用这个方法才加数,加了之后继续进行阻塞状态 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }).start(); } } }
3、Semaphore
-
public class Semaphore extends Object implements Serializable
一个计数信号量。在概念上,信号量维持一组许可证。如果有必要,每个
acquire()
都会阻塞,直到许可证可用,然后才能使用它。每个release()
添加许可证,潜在地释放阻塞获取方。但是,没有使用实际的许可证对象;Semaphore
只保留可用数量的计数,并相应地执行。信号量通常用于限制线程数,而不是访问某些(物理或逻辑)资源
package com.example.juc.add;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class SemaphoreDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//线程数量:停车位
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
//acquire()得到许可证
try {
semaphore.acquire();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到车位");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"离开车位");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
semaphore.release(); //release()释放许可证
}
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
semaphore.acquire(); 获得,假设如果已经满了,等待,等待被释放为止!
semaphore.release(); 释放,会将当前的信号量释放+1.然后唤醒等待的线程!
9、读写锁
ReadWriteLock
package com.example.juc.rw;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyCache myCache = new MyCache();
//写入
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
final int temp = i;
new Thread(() -> {
myCache.put(temp,temp);
}, String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
//读取
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
final int temp = i;
new Thread(() -> {
myCache.get(temp);
}, String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
/**
* 自定义缓存
*/
class MyCache {
private volatile Map<Integer, Object> map = new HashMap();
ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public void put(Integer key, Object value) {
try {
readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始存入");
map.put(key, value);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"存入完毕");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
public void get(Integer key) {
readWriteLock.readLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取"+key);
map.get(key);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"读取完毕");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
readWriteLock.readLock().unlock();
}
}
}
10、阻塞队列
队列 FIFO first in first out 先进先出
写入:如果队列满了,就必须阻塞等待
取:如果队列是空的,必须阻塞等待生产
阻塞队列:
什么情况下会使用阻塞队列,多线程并发处理,线程池!
package com.example.juc.bq;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Test1.test1();
// Test1.test2();
try {
Test1.test3();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 跑出异常
*/
public static void test1() {
//队列的大小
ArrayBlockingQueue arrayBlockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.add("a"));
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.add("b"));
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.add("c"));
//获取队首元素
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.peek());
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.add("d"));
}
/**
* 返回false
*/
public static void test2() {
//队列的大小
ArrayBlockingQueue arrayBlockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.offer("a"));
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.offer("b"));
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.offer("c"));
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.offer("d"));
}
/**
* 一直阻塞
*/
public static void test3() throws InterruptedException {
//队列的大小
ArrayBlockingQueue arrayBlockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
arrayBlockingQueue.put("a");
arrayBlockingQueue.put("b");
arrayBlockingQueue.put("c");
// arrayBlockingQueue.put("d"); //这里会一直阻塞
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.take());
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.take());
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.take());
System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.take()); //这里也会一直阻塞,如果没有东西了
}
/**
* 超时退出
*/
public static void test4() throws InterruptedException {
//队列的大小
ArrayBlockingQueue arrayBlockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
arrayBlockingQueue.offer("a");
arrayBlockingQueue.offer("b");
arrayBlockingQueue.offer("c");
arrayBlockingQueue.offer("d", 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //这里等待两秒然后退出
}
}
SynchronousQueue
同步队列:和其他的BlockingQueue不一样,它不能存储元素,put了一个元素,必须从里面先take取出来,否则不能再put进去值
11、线程池(重点)
池化技术:事先准备好一些资源,有人要用,就来我这里拿,用完之后还给我
程序的运行,本质:占用系统的资源!优化资源的使用!
线程池,连接池,内存池,对象池。。。。。。
线程池的好处:
1、降低资源的消耗
2、提高响应的速度
3、方便管理
线程复用,控制最大并发数,管理线程
线程池:三大方法
package com.example.juc.pool;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* Executors 工具类、三大方法
* 使用了线程池之后,使用线程池来创建线程
*/
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);//固定长度
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();//单个线程
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();//可伸缩的,遇强则强,遇弱则弱
// Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
executorService.execute(()->
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行了")
);
}
}
}
7大参数
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue());
}
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,//核心线程池大小
int maximumPoolSize,//最大核心线程池大小
long keepAliveTime,//超时了没人调用就会释放
TimeUnit unit,//超时单位
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, //阻塞队列
ThreadFactory threadFactory, //线程工厂,创建线程的,一般不用动
RejectedExecutionHandler handler //拒绝策略
) {
}
阿里巴巴开发规范不让直接用exectors来生成线程池
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package com.example.juc.pool;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
// new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy() 银行满了,还有人进来,不处理这个人的,抛出异常
//new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy() 哪来的去哪里
//new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() 队列满了,尝试去和最早的竞争,不会抛出异常
//new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy() 队列满了,丢掉任务,不会跑出异常
public class Demo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//自定义线程池!工作ThreadPoolExecutor
//最大线程应该如何定义
//1、CPU 密集型,几核,就是几,可以保持CPU的效率最高!
//2、IO 密集型,判断你程序中十分耗IO的线程
// 程序 15个大型任务 io十分占用资源!
//获取cpu的核数
System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(),
3,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(3), Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
//最大承载:Deque + max
//超过RejectedExecutionException
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
executorService.execute(()-> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"我执行了"));
}
}
}
最大线程如何定义:
1、CPU
//1、CPU 密集型,几核,就是几,可以保持CPU的效率最高!
//2、IO 密集型,判断你程序中十分耗IO的线程
// 程序 15个大型任务 io十分占用资源!
//获取cpu的核数
System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
12、四大函数式接口(必须掌握)
新时代程序员:lambda表达式,链式编程,函数式接口,Stream流式计算
函数式接口:只有一个方法的接口
1、function函数式接口
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
/**
* When an object implementing interface <code>Runnable</code> is used
* to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object's
* <code>run</code> method to be called in that separately executing
* thread.
* <p>
* The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
* take any action whatsoever.
*
* @see java.lang.Thread#run()
*/
public abstract void run();
}
//超级多的FunctionalInterface
//简化编程模型,在新版本的框架底层大量应用!
//foreach(消费者类的函数式接口)
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> { //有一个输入T,就有一个输出R
/**
* Applies this function to the given argument.
*
* @param t the function argument
* @return the function result
*/
R apply(T t);
package com.example.juc.function;
import java.util.function.Function;
/**
* Function 函数式接口,有一个输入参数,有一个输出
* 只要是函数式接口,可用lambda表达式简化
*/
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Function<String, String> function = new Function<String, String>() {
// @Override
// public String apply(String str) {
// return str;
// }
// };
Function<String, String> function = str -> str;
System.out.println(function.apply("ddd"));
}
}
2、predicate断定型接口:有一个输入参数,返回值只能是布尔值 !
package com.example.juc.function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
/**
* predicate断定型接口:有一个输入参数,返回值只能是布尔值 !
*/
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Predicate<String> predicate = o -> o.isEmpty();
System.out.println(predicate.test(""));
}
}
3、Consumer接口
package com.example.juc.function;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
public class Demo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Consumer<String> consumer = o -> System.out.println(o);
consumer.accept("ddddd");
}
}
4、supplier供给型接口
package com.example.juc.function;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
public class Demo04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Supplier<String> supplier = () -> "aaa";
System.out.println(supplier.get());
}
}
13、stream流式计算
什么是stream流式计算
大数据:存储+计算
存储、mysql本质就是存储东西的
计算都应该交给流来操作!
package com.example.juc.stream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
/**
* 题目要求,一分钟完成此题,只能用一行代码实现!
* 现在有5个用户,!筛选
* 1。Id必须是偶数
* 2、年龄必须大于23岁
* 3、用户名转换为大写
* 4、用户名字母倒着排序
* 5、只能输入一个用户!
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user1 = new User(1, "a", 21);
User user2 = new User(2, "b", 21);
User user3 = new User(3, "c", 21);
User user4 = new User(4, "d", 21);
User user5 = new User(5, "e", 21);
User user6 = new User(6, "f", 21);
List<User> list = Arrays.asList(user1, user2, user3, user4, user5, user6);
List<User> list1 = Arrays.asList(user1, user2, user3, user4, user5, user6);
list.stream()
.filter(u -> u.getId() % 2 == 0)
.filter(u -> u.getAge() > 23)
.map(u -> u.getName().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT))
.sorted(String::compareTo)
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
14、ForkJoin
ForkJoin在jdk1.7,并行执行任务!提高效率,大数据量!
大数据:Map Reduce(把大任务分成小任务)
特点:工作窃取
内部维护的都是双端队列
package com.example.juc.fokjoin;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;
/**
* 求和计算的任务
* 3000 6000 (FrokJoin) 9000(steam 并行流)
*/
public class ForkJoinDemo1 extends RecursiveTask<Long> {
private Long start;
private Long end;
//临界值
private Long temp = 10000L;
public ForkJoinDemo1(Long start, Long end) {
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
}
@Override
protected Long compute() {
if (end - start < temp) {
Long sum = 0L;
for (Long i = start; i <= end; i++) {
sum = sum + i;
}
// System.out.println(sum);
return sum;
} else {
//分支合并计算
Long middle = (start + end) / 2;//中间值
ForkJoinDemo1 task1 = new ForkJoinDemo1(start, middle);
task1.fork();//拆分任务,把任务压入线程
ForkJoinDemo1 task2 = new ForkJoinDemo1(middle + 1, end);
task2.fork();
return task1.join() + task2.join();
}
}
}
package com.example.juc.fokjoin;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask;
import java.util.stream.LongStream;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Test.test1();
Test.test2();
Test.test3();
}
public static void test1() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Long sum = 0L;
for (Long i = 1L; i <= 10_0000_0000L; i++) {
sum = sum + i;
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(sum + "test1用时:" + (end - start));
}
public static void test2() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();
ForkJoinTask<Long> forkJoinTask = new ForkJoinDemo1(0L,10_0000_0000L);
ForkJoinTask<Long> submit = forkJoinPool.submit(forkJoinTask);//提交任务
Long sum = null;
try {
sum = submit.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(sum + "test2用时:" + (end - start));
}
public static void test3() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
long sum = LongStream.rangeClosed(0L, 10_0000_0000L).parallel().reduce(0, Long::sum);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(sum + "test3用时:" + (end - start));
}
}
15、异步回调
package com.example.juc.future;
import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.util.CompletedFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 异步调用
*/
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//发起一个请求
//没返回值的异步回调
// CompletableFuture<Void> completedFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(()->{
// try {
// TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
// System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"runAsync");
// });
// System.out.println("1111");
// completedFuture.get();
//有返回值的supplyAsync异步回调
CompletableFuture<Integer> completedFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "runAsync");
return 1024;
});
//
System.out.println(completedFuture.whenComplete((t, u) -> {
System.out.println("t:" + t);
System.out.println("u:" + u);
}).exceptionally(e->{
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
return 233;
}));
}
}
16、JMM
请你谈谈你对Volatile的理解
Volatile是java虚拟机提供轻量级的同步机制
1、保证可见性
2、不保证原子性
3、禁止指令重排