枚举类

1.使用 Enum 类

from enum import Enum

Month = Enum('Month', ('Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'))

2.使用 Enum 派生自定义类

from enum import Enum, unique

@unique

class Weekday(Enum):

    Sun = 0

    Mon = 1

    Tue = 2

    Web = 3

    Thu = 4

    Fri = 5

    Sat = 6

其中 @unique 装饰器可以检查保证没有重复值

访问这些枚举类型可以有若干种方法：

>>> day1 = Weekday.Mon
>>> print(day1)
Weekday.Mon
>>> print(Weekday.Tue)
Weekday.Tue
>>> print(Weekday['Tue'])
Weekday.Tue
>>> print(Weekday.Tue.value)
2>>> print(day1 == Weekday.Mon)
True>>> print(day1 == Weekday.Tue)
False>>> print(Weekday(1))
Weekday.Mon
>>> print(day1 == Weekday(1))
True>>> Weekday(7)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValueError: 7 is not a valid Weekday
>>> for name, member in Weekday.__members__.items():
...     print(name, '=>', member)
...
Sun => Weekday.Sun
Mon => Weekday.Mon
Tue => Weekday.Tue
Wed => Weekday.Wed
Thu => Weekday.Thu
Fri => Weekday.Fri
Sat => Weekday.Sat

可见，既可以用成员名称引用枚举常量，又可以直接根据value的值获得枚举常量。