挂载 nfs 文件系统

环境

硬件：I.MX6U ALPHY V2.2
宿主机：Ubuntu 20.04

概述

我们的目的是在 kernel 启动后，将 nfs 文件系统挂载成板子的根文件系统。因此，bootloader、kernel、dtb 文件都可以使用板子存储介质（emmc、SD 卡）上的，只将根文件系统参数设置成宿主机上的一个 nfs 目录即可。
不过，我在进行上述尝试时，总是无法挂载成功，原因是 kernel 启动后，网卡初始化有问题，导致系统无法找到 eth0，网络不通，也就无法挂载 nfs。
出错信息如下，供遇到相同问题的小伙伴们参考：

Starting kernel ...

Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
...
can: raw protocol (rev 20120528)
can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20120528 t)
can: netlink gateway (rev 20130117) max_hops=1
lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
Key type dns_resolver registered
Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
snvs_rtc 20cc000.snvs:snvs-rtc-lp: setting system clock to 2023-03-26 19:57:45 UTC (1679860665)
IP-Config: Failed to open eth0
IP-Config: Device `eth0' not found

根据下面这两个帖子的介绍，尝试更换 kernel 试试
求助NFS挂载不上，IP-Config: Failed to open eth0
IP-Config: Failed to open eth0 IP-Config: Device ‘eth0’ not found
在正点原子资料下载中心，找到了更新后的 kernel
i.MX6ULL Linux阿尔法开发板

不过我的板子明明是 I.MX6U ALPHY V2.2 版本的，使用 01、V2.4版本之前的底板 的 kernel 竟然还是不行，使用 02、V2.4版本及以后的底板 竟然可以，如下。

更换 kernel

由于不想重新烧录 emmc，就直接在 uboot 启动时从宿主机下载 kernel。uboot 环境变量 bootcmd 修改如下：

bootcmd=tftp 80800000 zImage; tftp 83000000 imx6ull-14x14-evk.dtb; bootz 80800000 - 83000000

这样，在 uboot 就会从宿主机下载 kernel 和 dtb 到内存，然后启动。
另外，要想挂载 nfs，uboot 环境变量 bootargs 还需修改如下：

bootargs=console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.31.223:/home/liyongjun/project/board/IMX6ULL/rootfs,proto=tcp rw ip=192.168.31.224:192.168.31.223:192.168.31.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off'

将 02、V2.4版本及以后的底板 中的 zImage 拷贝到宿主机 tftp 目录下，然后启动板子，kernel 成功驱动网卡，网络通了，nfs 也就挂载成功了

fec 20b4000.ethernet eth0: Freescale FEC PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=20b4000.ethernet:01, irq=-1)
IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
fec 20b4000.ethernet eth0: Link is Up - 100Mbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
IP-Config: Complete:
     device=eth0, hwaddr=00:04:9f:04:d2:35, ipaddr=192.168.31.224, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.31.1
     host=192.168.31.224, domain=, nis-domain=(none)
     bootserver=192.168.31.223, rootserver=192.168.31.223, rootpath=
can-3v3: disabling
ALSA device list:
  #0: wm8960-audio
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:15.
devtmpfs: mounted
Freeing unused kernel memory: 404K (80929000 - 8098e000)
INIT: version 2.88 booting
Starting udev
udevd[88]: starting version 3.1.5
random: udevd urandom read with 118 bits of entropy available
random: nonblocking pool is initialized
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p2): using internal journal
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p2): 1 orphan inode deleted
FAT-fs (mmcblk1p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p2): recovery complete
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode
mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt.
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 0 at drivers/mmc/host/sdhci.c:1008 sdhci_send_command+0x88c/0xdfc()
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.1.15 #1
Hardware name: Freescale i.MX6 Ultralite (Device Tree)
[<80015ed4>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<80012794>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[<80012794>] (show_stack) from [<8069d5b0>] (dump_stack+0x80/0xc8)
[<8069d5b0>] (dump_stack) from [<8003824c>] (warn_slowpath_common+0x74/0xb0)
[<8003824c>] (warn_slowpath_common) from [<80038324>] (warn_slowpath_null+0x1c/0x24)
[<80038324>] (warn_slowpath_null) from [<804bf3d0>] (sdhci_send_command+0x88c/0xdfc)
[<804bf3d0>] (sdhci_send_command) from [<804c1a58>] (sdhci_timeout_timer+0x70/0xb8)
[<804c1a58>] (sdhci_timeout_timer) from [<8007d61c>] (call_timer_fn+0x24/0x9c)
[<8007d61c>] (call_timer_fn) from [<8007dbc8>] (run_timer_softirq+0x1b8/0x250)
[<8007dbc8>] (run_timer_softirq) from [<8003b3e4>] (__do_softirq+0xf0/0x228)
[<8003b3e4>] (__do_softirq) from [<8003b7ac>] (irq_exit+0xb0/0xfc)
[<8003b7ac>] (irq_exit) from [<8006f61c>] (__handle_domain_irq+0x70/0xe8)
[<8006f61c>] (__handle_domain_irq) from [<80009440>] (gic_handle_irq+0x20/0x60)
[<80009440>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<80013240>] (__irq_svc+0x40/0x74)
Exception stack(0x8098ff30 to 0x8098ff78)
ff20:                                     8098ff78 00000009 190ab536 00000004
ff40: 144713f4 00000004 00000002 8bb34dd8 190ab536 00000004 8098b740 00000001
ff60: 00000017 8098ff78 a6aaaaab 804a9ec0 000c0013 ffffffff
[<80013240>] (__irq_svc) from [<804a9ec0>] (cpuidle_enter_state+0xcc/0x1f8)
[<804a9ec0>] (cpuidle_enter_state) from [<800671ac>] (cpu_startup_entry+0x1c0/0x324)
[<800671ac>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<80929be8>] (start_kernel+0x334/0x3a0)
---[ end trace 3fedfe05f719614a ]---
mmcblk0: error -84 sending status command, retrying
mmcblk0: error -110 sending stop command, original cmd response 0x0, card status 0x900
mmcblk0: error -110 transferring data, sector 15564672, nr 8, cmd response 0x0, card status 0x0
mmc0: tried to reset card
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): using internal journal
EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): recovery complete
EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode
FAT-fs (mmcblk0p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
bootlogd: cannot allocate pseudo tty: No such file or directory
Populating dev cache

ALSA: Restoring mixer settings...
Found hardware: "wm8960-audio" "" "" "" ""
Hardware is initialized using a generic method
Running postinst /etc/rpm-postinsts/100-hostapd-rtl871xdrv...
Running postinst /etc/rpm-postinsts/101-hostapd-rtl871xdrv...
Running postinst /etc/rpm-postinsts/102-hostapd...
Running postinst /etc/rpm-postinsts/103-hostapd...
update-rc.d: /etc/init.d/run-postinsts exists during rc.d purge (continuing)
 Removing any system startup links for run-postinsts ...
  /etc/rcS.d/S99run-postinsts
INIT: Entering runlevel: 5
Configuring network interfaces... ifup skipped for nfsroot interface eth0
run-parts: /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/nfsroot: exit status 1
Starting system message bus: Starting Xserver
dbus.
Starting Connection Manager
Starting Dropbear SSH server: Generating key, this may take a while...

Public key portion is:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCX+R4dMzOcDZW1yid0WWvFH3efkHn2mmGTKwViYhxlPxa/kpEzP2guiOiwmin5FA7cPl88y57VOvVps1V0uwM8MyI8pOB70F1/60i9AMvN0uKAED9YE05JZMelo6jMdmIGAa2c4LvZRTk+4cWH3zQq+xIYBr6wEtvWPrh99ZxRu4Puj34Ao+hXlyfzh7bKktLCTvOekM2uZ80Na/dSzd4dpxOZc5An/9aSpfRKfRoNVu7Oo1ueTdpARknOD6nEY5jx37vB3i/bNN3OXsYqslXwu4N9ulX7ya6WPkggxRzLx7gILIxXe6Hly1xpxLu5Ql8VJXZvtPlw9mFDobxbG8gn root@ATK-IMX6U
Fingerprint: md5 c6:7a:70:fd:fe:6b:ea:5b:79:30:e6:fe:c6:7b:3e:4e
dropbear.
Starting rpcbind daemon...done.
Starting watchdog: [  OK  ]
starting statd: done
Starting advanced power management daemon: No APM support in kernel
(failed.)
Starting atd: OK
exportfs: can't open /etc/exports for reading
NFS daemon support not enabled in kernel
Starting system log daemon...0
Starting kernel log daemon...0
 * Starting Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Daemon: avahi-daemon                       [ ok ]
Starting Telephony daemon
Starting Linux NFC daemon
* starting FTP Server: vsftpd... done.
Starting crond: OK
Starting nginx: nginx.
Running local boot scripts (/etc/rc.local).

root@ATK-IMX6U:~# 
root@ATK-IMX6U:~# 
root@ATK-IMX6U:~# imx6ul-tsc 2040000.tsc: Timeout for adc calibration

root@ATK-IMX6U:~# 
root@ATK-IMX6U:~# ls
driver  shell
root@ATK-IMX6U:~# ls
driver  shell

在宿主机创建的文件，可以在板子同步看到，验证成功

root@ATK-IMX6U:~# ls
driver  shell  test
root@ATK-IMX6U:~# date
Sun Mar 26 20:36:04 UTC 2023
root@ATK-IMX6U:~# ls -lh
total 8.0K
drwxr-xr-x 6 1000 tracing 4.0K Nov  5  2021 driver
drwxr-xr-x 6 1000 tracing 4.0K Nov  5  2021 shell
-rw-rw-r-- 1 1000 tracing    0 Mar 26 12:36 test

总结

关键点：kernel 报 eth0 not found，要快速定位问题（是 kernel 阶段的问题，可能是 kernel 的网卡驱动编译有问题，可能是设备树和硬件不匹配等），并找到解决办法。