1. 基础语法
1.1 CSV模块
(1)读取CSV文件
csvobj = open(csvfile) #打开CSV文件
readerpbj = csv.reader(csvobj) #将其转换为reader对象
(2)写入数据
output = open(csvfile, 'w', newline='') # 创建要写入的CSV文件
csvwriter = csv.writer(output) # 将其转换为writer对象
csvwriter.writerow(row) # 用writerow函数写入数据
(3)关键字参数
csvwriter = csv.writer(csvfiel , delimiter = '\t , lineterminator = '\n\n')
# delimiter参数为分隔符 lineterminator参数为间距
(4)实例应用
删除许多CSV文件的第一行,重新写入一个_removed文件
import csv,os
#找寻当前路径下所有CSV
for csvfile in os.listdir('.'):
if not csvfile.endswith('.csv'):
continue
print('Remove header from '+csvfile +' ...')
#将除第一行之外的所有行添加到列表中
csvrow = []
csvobj = open(csvfile)
readerpbj = csv.reader(csvobj)
for row in readerpbj:
if readerpbj.line_num ==1:
continue
csvrow.append(row)
csvobj.close()
#写入新CSV文件
output = open('Removed'+csvfile,'w')
# output = open(os.path.join('RemovedHeader',csvfile),'w',newline='')
csvwriter = csv.writer(output)
for row in csvrow:
csvwriter.writerow(row)
output.close()
1.2 JSON模块
(1)json.loads()
将包含JSON数据的字符串转换为Python的值
weatherData = json.loads(response.text)
(2)json.dumps()
讲一个Python值转换为JSON格式的字符串
value = {'isCat':True,'name':'Zophie}
Jsondata = json.dumps(value)
(3) 实例应用
在指定网址api获取天气数据并通过json解析数据,拿到天气等相关信息,但是在运行时遇到了如下错误:
requestsHTTPError: 401 Client Error: Unauthorized for url
不知道如何解决,先把示例代码贴上来吧
#书上给的代码是通过脚本执行,在命令行读取指令
#! python3
# quickWeather.py - Prints the current weather for a location from the command line.
import json, requests, sys
# Compute location from command line arguments.
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print('Usage: quickWeather.py location')
sys.exit()
location = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:])
#San Francisco CA
# location = input("请输入要查询的城市及国家代码: ")
# Download the JSON data from OpenWeatherMap.org's API
url ='http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast/daily?q=%s&cnt=3' % (location)
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
# Load JSON data into a Python variable.
weatherData = json.loads(response.text)
# Print weather descriptions.
w = weatherData['list']
print('Current weather in %s:' % (location))
print(w[0]['weather'][0]['main'], '-', w[0]['weather'][0]['description'])
print()
print('Tomorrow:')
print(w[1]['weather'][0]['main'], '-', w[1]['weather'][0]['description'])
print()
print('Day after tomorrow:')
print(w[2]['weather'][0]['main'], '-', w[2]['weather'][0]['description'])
2 课后习题
2.1 EXCEL到CSV的转换程序
将当前路径下的CSV文件全部输出为CSV文件,一个Excel文件中可能包含多个工作表,必须为每个表创建一个CSV文件,重命名格式为 文件名_表标题.csv
# 2018/3/20 13:27
import csv,openpyxl,os
for file in os.listdir('.'):
if not file.endswith('.xlsx'): #不是xlsx文件就接着往下找
continue
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(file)
sheets = wb.get_sheet_names() #找到当前文件中所有sheet
for i in range(len(sheets)):
sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheets[i]) #在sheets列表中依次循环找
print('正在写入' + sheet.title +'文件')
csvfilename = open(file.split('.')[0] + sheet.title + '.csv','w')
csvwriter = csv.writer(csvfilename)
for rownum in range(1,sheet.max_row+1): #循环每一个cell的值,将每一行写入rowdata中
rowdata = []
for colnum in range(1,sheet.max_column+1):
rowdata.append(sheet.cell(row = rownum, column = colnum).value)
csvwriter.writerow(rowdata) #将每一行的值写入csv文件中
csvfilename.close()