mysql安装-linux(unix)系统中使用二进制包安装mysql5.7

下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

参考文档：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html

0.安装依赖包

官方文档中说需要安装以下依赖，但是这里因为找不到centos7的版本，没有安装libnuma 和 ibtinfo.so.5，并不影响mysql的安装。

确保系统中安装了 以下依赖

libaio
libnuma
ibtinfo.so.5

在centos中，使用rpm进行确认

rpm -q libaio libnuma ibtinfo.so.5

1.解压tar包

su
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.37-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql/
cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.37-el7-x86_64
mv ./* ../
rmdir mysql-5.7.37-el7-x86_64/

安装文件包括以下内容

[root@localhost mysql]# tree ./ -L 1
./
├── bin
├── docs
├── include
├── lib
├── LICENSE
├── man
├── README
├── share
└── support-files

2.创建mysql用户和组

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

3.创建需要的目录

mkdir mysql-files
chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
chmod 750 mysql-files

4.初始化mysql

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

注意，这里会生成root用户的默认密码，记好

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: /T7pE&qX3P:u

然后运行命令

bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

5.启动mysql服务

以安全模式启动

bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

如果报错

mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.

按照提示创建日志文件

mkdir -p /var/log/mariadb
touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

6.(可选，推荐)执行下面的命令，可以将mysql服务添加到系统服务管理中去

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

这样，就可以这样使用了

/etc/init.d/mysql.server status
/etc/init.d/mysql.server start
/etc/init.d/mysql.server stop
/etc/init.d/mysql.server restart

7.将bin目录添加到PATH环境变量

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

8.登录mysql，修改root密码

使用之前初始化mysql的时候生成的默认密码登录

mysql -u root -p

如果报错

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock'

说明socket连接方式有问题，可以选择使用 tcp/ip 连接

mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p

要解决socket不能连接的问题，需要修改配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

默认的配置如下，服务端配置socket

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
# 服务端socket配置
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

添加客户端socket相关的配置，与服务端保持一样

[client]
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

这样，就可以使用socket的方式进行连接了

mysql -u root -p

修改root密码

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';