SpringMVC学习笔记——12.注解配置SpringMVC

使用配置类和注解代替web.xml和SpringMVC配置文件的功能

1.创建初始化类，代替web.xml

在Servlet3.0环境中，容器会在类路径中查找实现javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer接口的类，如果找到的话就用它来配置Servlet容器。 Spring提供了这个接口的实现，名为SpringServletContainerInitializer，这个类反过来又会查找实现WebApplicationInitializer的类并将配置的任务交给它们来完成。Spring3.2引入了一个便利的WebApplicationInitializer基础实现，名为AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer，当我们的类扩展了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer并将其部署到Servlet3.0容器的时候，容器会自动发现它，并用它来配置Servlet上下文。

//web工程的初始化类，用来代替web.xml
public class WebInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    /*
    指定Spring的配置类
    */
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
    }
    /*
    * 指定SpringMVC的配置类
    * */
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
    }

    /*
    * 指定DispatcherServlet的映射规则，即url-pattern
     * */
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    /*
    * 注册过滤器，
    * */
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        characterEncodingFilter.setForceResponseEncoding(true);
        HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
        return new Filter[]{characterEncodingFilter,hiddenHttpMethodFilter};
    }
}

2.创建SpringConfig配置类，代替spring的配置文件

@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {
	//SSM整合之后Spring配置信息写在此类中
}

3.创建WebConfig配置类，代替SpringMVC的配置文件

/*
该类用于代替SpringMVC的配置文件：
1、扫描组件
2、视图解析器
3、view-controller 视图控制器
4、default-servlet-handler 默认servlet处理器（静态资源处理）
5、MVC注解驱动
6、文件上传解析器
7、异常处理
8、拦截器
 */


//@Configuration作用：声明一个类为配置类，用于取代bean.xml配置文件注册bean对象。
@Configuration
//扫描组件-------》1
@ComponentScan("com.lyy.mvc.Controller")
//开启MVC注解驱动-----》5
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    //default-servlet-handler 默认servlet处理器（静态资源处理）-----》4
    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }

    //拦截器-----------》8
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        TestInterceptor testInterceptor = new TestInterceptor();
        registry.addInterceptor(testInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
    }

    //view-controller 视图控制器------------》3
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/hello").setViewName("hello");
    }

    //文件上传解析器---------》6
    @Bean
    public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(){
        CommonsMultipartResolver commonsMultipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
        return commonsMultipartResolver;
    }

    //异常处理------------》7
    @Override
    public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers) {
        SimpleMappingExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException","error");
        exceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(prop);
        exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("exception");
        resolvers.add(exceptionResolver);
    }

    //视图解析器--------》2
    //配置生成模板解析器
    @Bean
    public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {
        WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
        // ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数，可通过WebApplicationContext 的方法获得
        ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(
                webApplicationContext.getServletContext());
        templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
        templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
        templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
        return templateResolver;
    }
    //生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器
    @Bean
    public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {
        SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
        templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
        return templateEngine;
    }
    //生成视图解析器并未解析器注入模板引擎
    @Bean
    public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
        ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
        return viewResolver;
    }
}

注解配置中对应的类：
拦截器类：

public class TestInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("TestInterceptor-->preHandle");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        HandlerInterceptor.super.postHandle(request, response, handler, modelAndView);
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        HandlerInterceptor.super.afterCompletion(request, response, handler, ex);
    }
}