Vue的MVVM架构及语法超详细笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 09:25:14 发布

海也是风

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 09:25:14 发布

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分类专栏： Vue 文章标签： vue js

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lyyrhf/article/details/114976702

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MVVM架构及Vue语法

1. MVVM架构

在这里插入图片描述

2. Vue语法

2.1 动态绑定v-bind

2.1.1 基本使用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <img v-bind:src="imageURL">
    <!--语法糖的写法-->
    <img :src="imageURL">
</div>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好呀',
            imageURL: 'https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFuHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=1819216937,2118754409&fm=26&gp=0.jpg'
        }
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

动态绑定，需要解析的绑定

2.1.2 v-bind动态绑定class

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>

<style>
    .active{
        color: red;
    }
</style>
<body>

<div id="app">
   <h2 :class="{active: isActive,line:isLine}">{{message}}</h2>
    <button v-on:click="btnClick">按钮</button>
</div>


<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊',
            isActive: true,
            isLine: true,
        },
        methods: {
            btnClick: function (){
                this.isActive=!this.isActive
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

数组语法：

2.1.3 v-bind动态绑定style对象

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>

<style>
    .active{
        color: red;
    }
</style>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <!--'50px'必须要加上单引号，否则就是被当做一个变量去解析-->
    <!--finalSize当做一个变量使用-->
    <h2 :style="{fontSize: finalSize + 'px',color: finalColor}">{{message}}</h2>
</div>


<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊',
            finalSize: 200,
            finalColor: 'red'
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.2 mustache语法

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <h2>{{message}}</h2>
    <!--mustache语法中，不仅仅可以直接协变量，也可以写简单的表达式-->
    <h2>{{firstName + " "+ lastName}}</h2>
    <h2>{{firstName}} {{lastName}}</h2>
    <h2>{{counter*2}}</h2>
</div>


<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊',
            firstName: 'Kobe',
            lastName: 'Bryant',
            counter: 100
        }
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

2.3 v-model

2.3.1 v-model的使用和原理

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <input type="text" v-model="message">
    {{message}}
</div>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊'
        }
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

2.3.2 v-model结合radio类型

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2.3.3 v-model结合checkbox

label好处：增强了表单控制间的关系，点击文字的时候都可以选中

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <!--1.checkbox单选框-->
    <label for="agree">
        <input type="checkbox" id="agree" v-model="isAgree">同意协议
    </label>
    <h2>您选择的是:{{isAgree}}</h2>
    <button :disabled="!isAgree">下一步</button>


    <!--1.checkbox多选框-->
    <input type="checkbox"  value="篮球" v-model="hobbies">篮球
    <input type="checkbox"  value="足球" v-model="hobbies">足球
    <input type="checkbox"  value="乒乓球" v-model="hobbies">乒乓球
    <input type="checkbox"  value="羽毛球" v-model="hobbies">羽毛球
    <h2>您的爱好是:{{hobbies}}</h2>

</div>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            isAgree: false,
            hobbies: []
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <!--1.选择一个-->
    <select name="abc" v-model="fruit">
        <option value="苹果">苹果</option>
        <option value="香蕉">香蕉</option>
        <option value="葡萄">葡萄</option>
        <option value="橘子">橘子</option>
    </select>
    <h2>您选择的水果是:{{fruit}}</h2>



    <!--1.选择多个-->
    <select name="abc" v-model="fruits" multiple>
        <option value="苹果">苹果</option>
        <option value="香蕉">香蕉</option>
        <option value="葡萄">葡萄</option>
        <option value="橘子">橘子</option>
    </select>
    <h2>您选择的水果是:{{fruits}}</h2>



</div>
<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊',
            fruit: '苹果',
            fruits: '苹果'

        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.3.4 v-model结合select类型

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <!--1.选择一个-->
    <select name="abc" v-model="fruit">
        <option value="苹果">苹果</option>
        <option value="香蕉">香蕉</option>
        <option value="葡萄">葡萄</option>
        <option value="橘子">橘子</option>
    </select>
    <h2>您选择的水果是:{{fruit}}</h2>



    <!--1.选择多个-->
    <select name="abc" v-model="fruits" multiple>
        <option value="苹果">苹果</option>
        <option value="香蕉">香蕉</option>
        <option value="葡萄">葡萄</option>
        <option value="橘子">橘子</option>
    </select>
    <h2>您选择的水果是:{{fruits}}</h2>



</div>
<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊',
            fruit: '苹果',
            fruits: '苹果'

        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.3.5 v-model修饰符

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <!--1.修饰符：lazy-->
    <input type="text" v-model.lazy="message">
    <h2>{{message}}</h2>

    <!--2.修饰符：number-->
    <input type="number" v-model.number="age">
    <h2>{{typeof age}}</h2>

    <!--3.修饰符：trim-->
    <input type="text" v-model.trim="name">
    <h2>您输入的名字：{{name}}</h2>
</div>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊',
            age: '',
            name: ''
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.4 计算属性computed

2.4.1 计算属性的基本使用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <h2>{{getFullName()}}</h2>
        <h2>{{fullName}}</h2>
    </div>
</body>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            firstName: 'Lebron',
            lastName: 'James'
        },
        //计算属性()
        computed: {
            fullName: function (){
                return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName

            }
        },
        methods: {
            getFullName(){
                return this.firstName + '' + this.lastName
            }
        }
    })
</script>

</html>

2.4.2 计算属性的复杂操作

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <h2>总价格：{{TotalPrice}}</h2>
</div>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data:{
            books:[
                {id:110,name:'Linux编程艺术',price:119},
                {id:111,name:'代码大全',price:105},
                {id:112,name:'深入理解计算机原理',price:98},
                {id:113,name:'现代操作系统',price:55},
            ]
        },
        computed:{
            TotalPrice: function (){
                let result=0
                for(let i=0;i<this.books.length;i++){
                    result +=this.books[i].price;
                }
                return result;
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.4.3 计算属性的setter和getter

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <h2>{{fullName}}</h2>
    </div>
</body>
<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            firstName: 'Kobe',
            lastName: 'Bryant'
        },
        computed: {
            fullName:{
                set: function (){

                },
                get: function (){
                    return this.firstName+ ' '+ this.lastName;
                }
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

一般的写法都是省略了set方法，然后将get方法和属性名简写了，本质上是调用了get方法，可以通过set方法改变get方法。kobe->james

2.4.4 计算属性和methods

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <h2>{{getFullName()}}</h2>
    <h2>{{getFullName()}}</h2>
    <h2>{{getFullName()}}</h2>
    <h2>{{getFullName()}}</h2>
    <h2>{{FullName}}</h2>
    <h2>{{FullName}}</h2>
    <h2>{{FullName}}</h2>
    <h2>{{FullName}}</h2>
</div>


<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            firstName: 'Kobe',
            lastName: 'Bryant'
        },
        computed: {
            FullName: function (){
                console.log('FullName')
                return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName

            }
        },
        methods: {
            getFullName: function () {
                console.log('getFullName')
                return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

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计算属性使用了缓存，而methods没有！

2.5 事件监听v-on

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <h2>{{counter}}</h2>
    <button @click="decrement">+</button>
    <button @click="increment">_</button>
</div>



<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            counter: 0
        },
        methods: {
            increment(){
                this.counter--
            },
            decrement(){
                this.counter++
            }
        }
    })

</script>
</body>
</html>

2.5.1 v-on的参数传递

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <button @click="btn1Click">按钮1</button>
<!--在事件定义时，写方法时省略了小括号，但是方法本身需要一个参数，这个时候Vue会默认将浏览器产生的event事件对象作为参数传入到方法-->
    <button @click="btn2Click">按钮2</button>
<!--在方法定义时，需要event对象，同时又需要其他参数-->
<!--在调用方法时，如何手动获取到浏览器参数的event对象？ $event-->
    <button @click="btn3Click(123,$event)">按钮3</button>
</div>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {

        },
        methods: {
            btn1Click(){
                console.log("btn1Click")
            },
            //如果函数需要参数，但是没有传入，那么函数的形参为undefined
            btn2Click(event){
                console.log('-------------',event)
            },
            btn3Click(abc,event){
                console.log('++++++++++',abc,event)
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.5.2 v-on的修饰符

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <!--1.stop修饰符的使用-->
    <div @click="divClick">
        <button @click.stop="btnClick" >按钮</button>
    </div>

    <br>
    <!--2.stop修饰符的使用-->
    <form action="baidu">
        <input type="submit" value="提交" @click.prevent="submitClick">
    </form>

    <!--3.监听某个键盘的键帽-->
    <input type="text" @keyup.enter="keyUp">

    <!--4.once修饰符的使用-->
    <button @click.once="btn2Click">按钮2</button>
</div>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊'
        },
        methods: {
            divClick() {
                console.log('divClick')
            },
            btnClick() {
                console.log('btnClick')
            },
            submitClick() {
                console.log('submitClick')
            },
            keyUp() {
                console.log('keyUp')
            },
            btn2Click() {
                console.log("btn2Click")
            }
        }
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

.stop：阻止事件冒泡
.prevent：阻止默认事件发生
.enter：指定键帽
.once：只触发一次

、

2.6 v-show、v-if

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <!--v-if:当条件为false时，包含v-if指令的元素，不会存在在DOM中-->
    <h2 v-if="isShow" id="aaa">{{message}}</h2>
    <!--v-show:当条件为false时，v-show只是给我们的元素添加了一个行内样式：dispaly: none-->
    <h2 v-show="isShow" id="bbb">{{message}}</h2>
</div> 

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊',
            isShow: true
        },
        methods:{

        }
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

2.7 遍历v-for

遍历数组

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <!--在遍历的过程中，没有使用索引值（下标值）-->
    <ul>
        <li v-for="items in names">{{items}}</li>
    </ul>

    <!--2.在遍历的过程中，获取索引的下标值-->
    <ul>
        <li v-for="(item,index) in names">
            {{index+1}}.{{item}}
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>

<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            names: ['James','Kobe','Curry','Durant']
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

遍历对象

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <!--1.在遍历对象的过程中，如果只是获取一个值，那么获取到的是value-->
    <ul>
        <li v-for="item in info">{{item}}</li>
    </ul>


    <!--我们获取key和value,格式（value,key,index）-->
    <ul>
        <li v-for="(value,key,index) in info">{{value}}.{{key}}.{{index}}</li>
    </ul>
</div>
<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            info: {
                name: 'James',
                age: 12,
                height: 1.88,
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.8 key值的作用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head> 
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <ul>
        <li v-for="item in letters" :key="item">{{item}}</li>
    </ul>
</div>
<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            letters: ['a','b','c','d']
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

加了==：key==之后，内部的效率会更高！

2.9 其它指令使用

2.9.1 v-once

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <h2>{{message}}</h2>
    <h2 v-once>{{message}}</h2>
</div>

</body>
<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊'
        }
    })
</script>

</html>

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-5SIwA5SA-1616047433461)(E:\学习笔记\图片\image-20201201162036281.png)]$

只有一次改变，不随着客户端的改变而改变

2.9.2 v-html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <h2 v-html="url"></h2>
</div>


<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊',
            url: '<a href="http://www.baidu.com">百度一下</a>'
        }
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

2.9.3 v-text

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <h2>{{message}}</h2>
    <h2 v-text="message"></h2>
</div>


<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊'
        }
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-fjkrjW9O-1616047433463)(E:\学习笔记\图片\image-20201201164553544.png)]$

v-text仍然不够灵活哈！！！！！！！！！

2.9.4 v-pre

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <h2 v-pre>{{message}}</h2>
    <h2 v-text="message"></h2>
</div>


<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            message: '你好啊'
        }
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-uSuqUNQh-1616047433465)(E:\学习笔记\图片\image-20201201164753422.png)]$

2.9.5 v-cloak

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        [v-cloak]{
            display: none;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app" v-cloak>
    <h2>{{message}}</h2>
</div>


<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    //在vue解析之前，div中有一个属性v-cloak
    //在vue解析之后，div中没有属性v-cloak
    setTimeout(function (){
        const app=new Vue({
            el: '#app',
            data: {
                message: '你好啊'
            }
        })
    },1000)
</script>

</body>
</html>

body中的内容在被Vue实体渲染之前，v-cloak属性是存在的，在被渲染之后，v-cloak属性不存在。

2.9.6 v-if、else-if、v-else

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <h2 v-if="score>=90">优秀</h2>
    <h2 v-else-if="score>80">良好</h2>
    <h2 v-else-if="score>=60">及格</h2>
    <h2 v-else>不及格</h2>

    <h2>{{result}}</h2>

</div>
<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            score: 99
        },
        computed: {
            result(){
                let resultScore=''
                if(this.score>=90){
                    resultScore='优秀'
                }else if(this.score>=80){
                    resultScore='良好'
                }

                return resultScore
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Vue的MVVM架构及语法超详细笔记

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