1 简介
NIO（Non-Blocking I/O或叫New I/O）是一种同步非阻塞的I/O模型，主要用于服务端解决高并发或者大量连接的情况的IO处理。它是JDK1.4中引入的，位于java.nio包中，主要用于弥补原来同步阻塞I/O（Blocking I/O或叫BIO）的不足。在NIO出现之前大多服务端主要使用BIO通过新建线程的方式来解决并发请求，如上一篇博文《Android网络编程(十三) 之 Socket和长连接》中的长连接Demo，在每个客户端请求连接后都会创建一个新的Socket对象并内部创建线程来处理相关连接，这样就很容易因线程瓶颈而造成很多限制。
NIO在处理读写是采用了内存映射文件的方式，它基于通道（Channel）和缓冲区（Buffer）进行操作，数据从通道读取到缓冲区或者从缓冲区写入到通道，再通过选择器（Selector）进行监听多个通道的事件，所以区别于BIO的面向流方式，NIO可更加高效地进行文件的读写操作。
2 NIO的组件
2.1 Buffer（缓冲区）
BIO的操作是面向数据流的读写，而NIO所有的数据都是用Buffer缓冲区处理的，缓冲区其实就是一块连续的内存空间，这块内存空间就像一个数据容器般，可以重复的读取数据和写入数据。
2.2 Channel（通道）
Channel通道跟BIO中的Stream类似，都是用于跟连接的对象进行IO操作。它们区别于，Stream是阻塞的单向操作的，即要么读要么写，比如InputStream和OutputStream；而Channel是非阻塞且是线程安全的双向操作的，通过一个Channel既可以进行读也可进行写操作，其所有数据都是映射到内存中通过Buffer来处理，Server端逻辑中，一个Client端会对应一个Channel。
2.3 Selector（选择器）
在BIO中当一个Server端连接着多个Client端时，Server端会为其创建一个线程来提升并发吞吐量，但是一旦并发量上升就会出现明显的弊端。在这情况Selector的优势就出现了。Selector叫做选择器，或者叫做多路复用器，Selector运行在单个线程中但可同时管理一个或多个Channel。它通过不断地轮询进行Channel的状态的检查处理其连接、读、写等操作。意味着可以使用更少的线程来处理多个Client端的请求，避免了使用线程的开销。Server逻辑中，仅需要一个Selector，但它可以管理多个Channel。
3 Socket与NIO
我们还是用一个简单的Demo来实现一个Socket，不过这次使用了NIO的方式。Demo中服务端在App的Service中进行，而客户端在App的Activity中进行，为了展示出服务端可以同时接收多个客户端，Activity的界面特意做了两套客户端，如下图所示。
3.1 服务端代码
TCPServerService.java
public class TCPServerService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "TCPServerService----------";
public final static int SERVER_PORT = 9527; // 跟客户端绝定的端口
private TCPServer mTCPServer;
private ThreadPoolExecutor mConnectThreadPool; // 总的连接线程池
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
init();
initTcpServer();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unInitTcpServer();
}
private void init() {
mConnectThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
1,
1,
0,
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
new ThreadFactory() {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "server_thread_pool");
}
},
new RejectedExecutionHandler() {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
Log.e(TAG, "已启动连接，请免重复操作");
}
}
);
}
/**
* 初始化TCP服务
*/
private void initTcpServer() {
mConnectThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mTCPServer = new TCPServer();
mTCPServer.init();
}
});
}
/**
* 反初始化TCP服务
*/
private void unInitTcpServer() {
mTCPServer.close();
}
}服务端的实现在TCPServerService中，TCPServerService服务启动后，便创建一个线程来创建一个TCPServer对象并执行初始化。
TCPServer.java
public class TCPServer {
private final static String TAG = "TCPServer----------";
private String mSendMsg;
private Selector mSelector;
public void init() {
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
try {
serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 设置非阻塞
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 获取与此Channel关联的ServerSocket并绑定端口
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(TCPServerService.SERVER_PORT));
// 注册到Selector，等待连接
mSelector = Selector.open();
serverSocketChannel.register(mSelector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
while (mSelector != null && mSelector.isOpen()) {
// 选择一组对应Channel已准备好进行I/O的Key
int select = mSelector.select();
if (select <=0) {
continue;
}
// 获得Selector已选择的Keys
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = mSelector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
// 移除当前的key
iterator.remove();
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
handleAccept(selectionKey);
}
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isReadable()) {
handleRead(selectionKey);
}
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isWritable()) {
handleWrite(selectionKey);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (mSelector != null) {
mSelector.close();
mSelector = null;
}
if (serverSocketChannel != null) {
serverSocketChannel.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void handleAccept(SelectionKey selectionKey) throws IOException {
ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
SocketChannel client = server.accept();
client.configureBlocking(false);
// 注册读就绪事件
client.register(mSelector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
Log.d(TAG, "服务端 同意 客户端(" + client.getRemoteAddress() + ") 的连接请求");
}
private void handleRead(SelectionKey selectionKey) throws IOException {
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
//读取服务器发送来的数据到缓冲区中
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int bytesRead = client.read(byteBuffer);
if (bytesRead > 0) {
String inMsg = new String(byteBuffer.array(), 0, bytesRead);
// 处理数据
responseMsg(selectionKey, inMsg);
}
else {
Log.d(TAG, "服务端 断开跟 客户端(" + client.getRemoteAddress() + ") 的连接");
client.close();
}
}
private void handleWrite(SelectionKey selectionKey) throws IOException {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mSendMsg)) {
return;
}
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
sendBuffer.put(mSendMsg.getBytes());
sendBuffer.flip();
client.write(sendBuffer);
mSendMsg = null;
client.register(mSelector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
/**
* 处理数据
*
* @param selectionKey
* @param inMsg
* @throws IOException
*/
private void responseMsg(SelectionKey selectionKey, String inMsg) throws IOException {
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
Log.d(TAG, "服务端 收到 客户端(" + client.getRemoteAddress() + ") 数据：" + inMsg);
// 估计1亿的AI代码
String outMsg = inMsg;
outMsg = outMsg.replace("吗", "");
outMsg = outMsg.replace("?", "!");
outMsg = outMsg.replace("？", "!");
sendMsg(selectionKey, outMsg);
}
/**
* 发送数据
*
* @param selectionKey
* @param msg
* @throws IOException
*/
public void sendMsg(SelectionKey selectionKey, String msg) throws IOException {
mSendMsg = msg;
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
client.register(mSelector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
Log.d(TAG, "服务端 给 客户端(" + client.getRemoteAddress() + ") 发送数据：" + msg);
}
/**
* 断开连接
*/
public void close() {
try {
Log.d(TAG, "服务端中断所有连接");
mSelector.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
TCPServer类核心代码就是init方法，可见方法内存在ServerSocketChannel和Selector，它们便是我们上面介绍的通道和选择器。除此外还有一个SelectionKey，它是用于维护Channel和Selector的对应关系。而且可见TCPServer类内不再需要对每个客户端的连接再开启新线程。
SelectionKey里头有四个常量：SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT、SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT、SelectionKey.OP_READ、SelectionKey.OP_WRITE，它们表示Channel注册到Selectort感兴趣的事件。对应selectionKey.isConnectable()、selectionKey.isAcceptable()、selectionKey.isReadable()、selectionKey.isWritable()方法会返回true，所以可以理解成，主要注册了相应的事件，上述循环中便会执行相应返回true的动作。
3.2 客户端代码
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_connection1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="80dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="30dp"
android:text="连接1" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_send1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="80dp"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:text="发送1" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_disconnect1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="80dp"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_marginRight="30dp"
android:text="断开1" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_connection2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="180dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="30dp"
android:text="连接2" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_send2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="180dp"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:text="发送2" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_disconnect2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="180dp"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_marginRight="30dp"
android:text="断开2" />
</RelativeLayout>MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private TCPClient mTcpClient1;
private TCPClient mTcpClient2;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Intent service = new Intent(this, TCPServerService.class);
startService(service);
mTcpClient1 = new TCPClient("客户端A");
mTcpClient2 = new TCPClient("客户端B");
Button btnConnection1 = findViewById(R.id.btn_connection1);
btnConnection1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mTcpClient1.requestConnectTcp();
}
});
Button btnSend1 = findViewById(R.id.btn_send1);
btnSend1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mTcpClient1.sendMsg("2_你好吗？");
}
});
Button btnDisconnect1 = findViewById(R.id.btn_disconnect1);
btnDisconnect1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mTcpClient1.disconnectTcp();
}
});
Button btnConnection2 = findViewById(R.id.btn_connection2);
btnConnection2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mTcpClient2.requestConnectTcp();
}
});
Button btnSend2 = findViewById(R.id.btn_send2);
btnSend2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mTcpClient2.sendMsg("2_吃饭了吗？");
}
});
Button btnDisconnect2 = findViewById(R.id.btn_disconnect2);
btnDisconnect2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mTcpClient2.disconnectTcp();
}
});
}
}客户端的实现在MainActivity中，MainActivity主要是创建了两个TCPClient对象，然后对应界面中的按钮作相应的逻辑。
TCPClient.java
public class TCPClient {
private static final String TAG = "TCPClient**********";
private String mSendMsg;
private String mClientName; // 客户端命名
private Selector mSelector;
private SocketChannel mSocketChannel;
private ThreadPoolExecutor mConnectThreadPool; // 消息连接和接收的线程池
public TCPClient(String clientName) {
init(clientName);
}
/**
* 基本初始化
*
* @param clientName
*/
private void init(String clientName) {
mClientName = clientName;
mConnectThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
1,
1,
0,
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
new ThreadFactory() {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "client_connection_thread_pool");
}
},
new RejectedExecutionHandler() {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
Log.e(TAG, mClientName + " 已启动连接，请免重复操作");
}
}
);
}
/**
* 请求连接服务端
*/
public void requestConnectTcp() {
mConnectThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
initSocketAndReceiveMsgLoop();
}
});
}
/**
*
*/
private void initSocketAndReceiveMsgLoop() {
try {
mSocketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
// 设置为非阻塞方式
mSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 连接服务端地址和端口
mSocketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", TCPServerService.SERVER_PORT));
// 注册到Selector，请求连接
mSelector = Selector.open();
mSocketChannel.register(mSelector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
while (mSelector != null && mSelector.isOpen() && mSocketChannel != null && mSocketChannel.isOpen()) {
// 选择一组对应Channel已准备好进行I/O的Key
int select = mSelector.select(); // 当没有消息时，这里也是会阻塞的
if (select <= 0) {
continue;
}
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = mSelector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
// 移除当前的key
iterator.remove();
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isConnectable()) {
handleConnect();
}
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isReadable()) {
handleRead();
}
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isWritable()) {
handleWrite();
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
close();
}
}
private void handleConnect() throws IOException {
// 判断此通道上是否正在进行连接操作。
if (mSocketChannel.isConnectionPending()) {
mSocketChannel.finishConnect();
mSocketChannel.register(mSelector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
Log.d(TAG, mClientName + " 请求跟服务端建立连接");
}
}
private void handleRead() throws IOException {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int bytesRead = mSocketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
if (bytesRead > 0) {
String inMsg = new String(byteBuffer.array(), 0, bytesRead);
Log.d(TAG, mClientName + " 收到服务端数据： " + inMsg);
} else {
Log.d(TAG, mClientName + " 断开跟 服务端的连接");
disconnectTcp();
}
}
private void handleWrite() throws IOException {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mSendMsg)) {
return;
}
ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
sendBuffer.put(mSendMsg.getBytes());
sendBuffer.flip();
mSocketChannel.write(sendBuffer);
Log.d(TAG, "--------------------------------------");
Log.d(TAG, mClientName + " 发送数据： " + mSendMsg);
mSendMsg = null;
mSocketChannel.register(mSelector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
/**
* 发送数据
*
* @param msg
* @throws IOException
*/
public void sendMsg(String msg) {
if (mSelector == null || !mSelector.isOpen() || mSocketChannel == null || !mSocketChannel.isOpen()) {
return;
}
try {
mSendMsg = msg;
mSocketChannel.register(mSelector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
mSelector.wakeup();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 断开连接
*/
public void disconnectTcp() {
Log.d(TAG, "--------------------------------------");
Log.d(TAG, mClientName + " 主动断开跟服务端连接");
close();
}
/**
* 断开连接
*/
private void close() {
try {
if (mSelector != null && mSelector.isOpen()) {
mSelector.close();
}
if (mSocketChannel != null && mSocketChannel.isOpen()) {
mSocketChannel.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}TCPClient类对外就是对应三种按钮事件：连接服务端requestConnectTcp、发送数据sendMsg、断开连接disconnectTcp，基本上跟服务端TCPServer类的逻辑很像。
3.3 输出日志
运行程序后，相应执行连接和断开按钮会能输出以下日志：
2020-12-31 16:59:44.558 31789-31851/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPClient**********: 客户端A 请求跟服务端建立连接
2020-12-31 16:59:44.558 31789-31829/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPServer----------: 服务端 同意 客户端(/127.0.0.1:42250) 的连接请求
2020-12-31 16:59:47.315 31789-31789/com.zyx.myapplication D/ContentCapture: checkClickAndCapture, voiceRecorder=disable, collection=disable
2020-12-31 16:59:47.318 31789-31851/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPClient**********: --------------------------------------
2020-12-31 16:59:47.318 31789-31851/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPClient**********: 客户端A 发送数据： 2_你好吗？
2020-12-31 16:59:47.318 31789-31829/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPServer----------: 服务端 收到 客户端(/127.0.0.1:42250) 数据：2_你好吗？
2020-12-31 16:59:47.318 31789-31829/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPServer----------: 服务端 给 客户端(/127.0.0.1:42250) 发送数据：2_你好!
2020-12-31 16:59:47.321 31789-31851/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPClient**********: 客户端A 收到服务端数据： 2_你好!
2020-12-31 16:59:49.689 31789-31789/com.zyx.myapplication D/ContentCapture: checkClickAndCapture, voiceRecorder=disable, collection=disable
2020-12-31 16:59:49.689 31789-31789/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPClient**********: --------------------------------------
2020-12-31 16:59:49.689 31789-31789/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPClient**********: 客户端A 主动断开跟服务端连接
2020-12-31 16:59:49.690 31789-31851/com.zyx.myapplication D/FlymeTrafficTracking: untag(69) com.zyx.myapplication client_connection_thread_pool uid 10472 5134ms
2020-12-31 16:59:49.692 31789-31829/com.zyx.myapplication D/TCPServer----------: 服务端 断开跟 客户端(/127.0.0.1:42250) 的连接4 总结
好了，到此Socket的使用包括长连接、NIO都已通过上篇和本篇博文介绍完毕，有兴趣的朋友可以将两篇文章中的两个Demo结合来搭建一个属于自己长连接框架。
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