Android到处都在使用的回调分析
回调函数:
回调函数就是一个通过函数指针调用的函数。如果你把函数的指针(地址)作为参数传递给另一个函数,当这个指针被用为调用它所指向的函数时,我们就说这是回调函数。回调函数不是由该函数的实现方直接调用,而是在特定的事件或条件发生时由另外的一方调用的,用于对该事件或条件进行响应。
Java 中没有指针的概念,通过接口和内部类的方式实现回调的功能:
1. 定义接口 Callback ,包含回调方法 callback()
2. 在一个类Caller 中声明一个Callback接口对象 mCallback
3. 在程序中赋予Caller对象的接口成员(mCallback) 一个内部类对象如
new Callback(){
callback(){
//函数的具体实现
}
这样,在需要的时候,可用Caller对象的mCallback接口成员调用callback()方法,完成回调.
Android事件侦听器是视图View类的接口,包含一个单独的回调方法。这些方法将在视图中注册的侦听器被用户界面操作触发时由Android框架调用。回调方法被包含在Android事件侦听器接口中:
例如,Android 的view 对象都含有一个命名为 OnClickListener 接口成员变量,用户的点击操作都会交给 OnClickListener的 OnClick() 方法进行处理。
开发者若需要对点击事件做处理,可以定义一个 OnClickListener 接口对象,赋给需要被点击的 view的接口成员变量OnClickListener,一般是用 view 的setOnClickListener() 函数来完成这一操作。
当有用户点击事件时,系统就会回调被点击view的OnClickListener接口成员的OnClick()方法。
实例(对于Android界面上Button点击事件监听的模拟):
1.定义接口
public interface OnClickListener {
public void OnClick(Button b);
}
2. 定义Button
public class Button {
OnClickListener listener;
public void click() {
listener.OnClick(this);
}
public void setOnClickListener(OnClickListener listener) {
this.listener = listener;
}
}
3. 将接口对象OnClickListener 赋给 Button的接口成员
public class Activity {
public Activity() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Button button = new Button();
button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void OnClick(Button b) {
System.out.println("clicked");
}
});
button.click(); //user click,System call button.click();
}
}
要定义这些方法并处理你的事件,在你的活动中实现这个嵌套接口或定义它为一个匿名类:
采用匿名类方式实现:
- // Create an anonymous implementation of OnClickListener
- private OnClickListener mCorkyListener = new OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // do something when the button is clicked
- }
- };
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedValues) {
- ...
- // Capture our button from layout
- Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.corky);
- // Register the onClick listener with the implementation above
- button.setOnClickListener(mCorkyListener);
- ...
- }
采用嵌套接口实现:
- public class ExampleActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedValues) {
- ...
- Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.corky);
- button.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- // Implement the OnClickListener callback
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // do something when the button is clicked
- }
- ...
- }
下面以MMS模块中的实际例子为例进行说明:
例子1:
//ConversationListAdapter.java
private OnContentChangedListener mOnContentChangedListener;
public interface OnContentChangedListener {
void onContentChanged(ConversationListAdapter adapter);
}
public void setOnContentChangedListener(OnContentChangedListener l) {
mOnContentChangedListener = l;
}
@Override
protected void onContentChanged() {
if (mCursor != null && !mCursor.isClosed()) {
if (mOnContentChangedListener != null) {
mOnContentChangedListener.onContentChanged(this);
}
}
}
//ConversationList.java
private final ConversationListAdapter.OnContentChangedListener mContentChangedListener =
new ConversationListAdapter.OnContentChangedListener() {
public void onContentChanged(ConversationListAdapter adapter) {
startAsyncQuery();
}
};
private void initListAdapter() {
mListAdapter = new ConversationListAdapter(this, null);
mListAdapter.setOnContentChangedListener(mContentChangedListener);
setListAdapter(mListAdapter);
getListView().setRecyclerListener(mListAdapter);
}
例子2:
//WorkingMessage.java
private final MessageStatusListener mStatusListener;
public interface MessageStatusListener {
/**
* Called when the protocol for sending the message changes from SMS
* to MMS, and vice versa.
*
* @param mms If true, it changed to MMS. If false, to SMS.
*/
void onProtocolChanged(boolean mms);
/**
* Called when an attachment on the message has changed.
*/
void onAttachmentChanged();
/**
* Called just before the process of sending a message.
*/
void onPreMessageSent();
/**
* Called once the process of sending a message, triggered by
* {@link send} has completed. This doesn't mean the send succeeded,
* just that it has been dispatched to the network.
*/
void onMessageSent();
/**
* Called if there are too many unsent messages in the queue and we're not allowing
* any more Mms's to be sent.
*/
void onMaxPendingMessagesReached();
/**
* Called if there's an attachment error while resizing the images just before sending.
*/
void onAttachmentError(int error);
}
private WorkingMessage(ComposeMessageActivity activity) {
mActivity = activity;
mContentResolver = mActivity.getContentResolver();
mStatusListener = activity; //设置
mAttachmentType = TEXT;
mText = "";
}
public static WorkingMessage createEmpty(ComposeMessageActivity activity) {
// Make a new empty working message.
WorkingMessage msg = new WorkingMessage(activity);
return msg;
}
private void sendSmsWorker(String msgText, String semiSepRecipients, long threadId) {
String[] dests = TextUtils.split(semiSepRecipients, ";");
if (LogTag.VERBOSE || Log.isLoggable(LogTag.TRANSACTION, Log.VERBOSE)) {
LogTag.debug("sendSmsWorker sending message: recipients=" + semiSepRecipients +
", threadId=" + threadId);
}
MessageSender sender = new SmsMessageSender(mActivity, dests, msgText, threadId);
try {
sender.sendMessage(threadId);
// Make sure this thread isn't over the limits in message count
Recycler.getSmsRecycler().deleteOldMessagesByThreadId(mActivity, threadId);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Failed to send SMS message, threadId=" + threadId, e);
}
mStatusListener.onMessageSent(); //调用
}
//ComposeMessageActivity.java
public class ComposeMessageActivity extends Activity
implements View.OnClickListener, TextView.OnEditorActionListener,
MessageStatusListener/*实现该接口*/, Contact.UpdateListener {
....
public void onProtocolChanged(final boolean mms) {//实现onProtocolChanged接口
// Have to make sure we're on the UI thread. This function can be called off of the UI
// thread when we're adding multi-attachments
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
toastConvertInfo(mms);
setSendButtonText(mms);
}
});
}
....
public void initialize(Bundle savedInstanceState, long originalThreadId) {
Intent intent = getIntent();
// Create a new empty working message.
mWorkingMessage = WorkingMessage.createEmpty(this); //
}
参考:
回调机制在 Android 监听用户界面操作中的体现 http://www.cnblogs.com/greatstar/archive/2011/03/02/1968999.html
百度百科: 回调函数 http://baike.baidu.com/view/414773.html?fromTaglist
java中回调函数的实例说明 http://www.blogjava.net/songfei/articles/126093.html
Android事件侦听浅谈 http://developer.51cto.com/art/201001/180846.htm
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