WPF中的模板（四）- 寻找ControlTemplate和DataTemplate的控件

一、WPF中的两棵树
WPF中每个控件的Template都是由ControlTemplate构成，ControlTemplate包含了构成该控件的各种子控件，这些子控件就构成了VisualTree；而在我们可见的界面，所有搭建出整个程序UI的控件构成了LoginTree。VisualTree和LoginTree相互独立，互相不可访问，每中树都有各自的方法来查找自己的子控件。
二、寻找ControlTemplate中的控件
首先，我们在资源中新建一个包含三个TextBox的ControlTemplate，把它赋值给一个UserControl对象；然后我们再在程序界面添加一个TextBox，在资源中引用之前把TextBox改成圆角风格的Style：

<Window x:Class="_11_221.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Window.Resources>
        <ControlTemplate x:Key="cTmp">
            <StackPanel Background="Orange">
                <TextBox x:Name="textBox1" Margin="6"/>
                <TextBox x:Name="textBox2" Margin="6,0"/>
                <TextBox x:Name="textBox3" Margin="6"/>
            </StackPanel>
        </ControlTemplate>
        <Style BasedOn="{x:Null}" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}" x:Key="tbstyle">
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ControlTextBrushKey}}"/>
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}}"/>
            <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
            <Setter Property="Padding" Value="1"/>
            <Setter Property="AllowDrop" Value="true"/>
            <Setter Property="FocusVisualStyle" Value="{x:Null}"/>
            <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.PanningMode" Value="VerticalFirst"/>
            <Setter Property="Stylus.IsFlicksEnabled" Value="False"/>
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">
                        <Border x:Name="Bd" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"  SnapsToDevicePixels="true"
                        CornerRadius="10">
                            <TextBlock x:Name="textblck1" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"/>
                        </Border>
                        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false">
                                <Setter Property="Background" TargetName="Bd" Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ControlBrushKey}}"/>
                                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.GrayTextBrushKey}}"/>
                            </Trigger>
                        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>

    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel Background="Yellow">
            <UserControl x:Name="uc" Template="{StaticResource cTmp}" Margin="5"/>
            <TextBox x:Name="tb"  Style="{StaticResource tbstyle}"/>
            <Button Content="find" Width="120" Height="30" Click="Button_Click"/>
        </StackPanel>    
    </Grid>
</Window>

我们实现的效果是，点击按钮，分别从UserControl和TextBox中找到构成他们的ControlTemplate，然后找到子控件并进行相关操作：
后台代码：

private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            TextBox t = this.uc.Template.FindName("textBox1", this.uc) as TextBox;
            t.Text = "hello";
            StackPanel sp = t.Parent as StackPanel;
            (sp.Children[1] as TextBox).Text = "hello controltemplate";
            (sp.Children[2] as TextBox).Text = "find it";

            TextBlock tbl = this.tb.Template.FindName("textblck1", this.tb) as TextBlock;
            tbl.Text = "in textbox";
        }

ControlTemplate和DateTemplate都属于Template，都可以给Template进行赋值，Template中提供了一个叫做FindName的接口，可以用来寻找模板中的控件。

三、寻找DataTemplate中的控件
首先，先定义一个用于使用DataTemplate的类Student：

public class Student
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Skill { get; set; }
        public bool HasJob { get; set; }
    }

XMAL代码如下：

<Window x:Class="_11_222.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:_11_222"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Window.Resources>
        <local:Student x:Key="stu" Id="1"  Name="Hyman" Skill="Linux" HasJob="True"/>
        <DataTemplate x:Key="stuDT">
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <TextBox  Name="textbox1" Text="{Binding Id}"/>
                <TextBox  Name="textbox2" Text="{Binding Name}"/>
                <TextBox  Name="textbox3" Text="{Binding Skill}"/>
            </StackPanel>
        </DataTemplate>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <ContentPresenter x:Name="cp" Content="{StaticResource stu}" ContentTemplate="{StaticResource stuDT}" />
            <Button x:Name="button" Width="120" Height="30"  Click="button_Click" Content="find"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

实现find按钮的处理函数，将找到的TextBox中的内容用MessageBox弹出：

private void button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            TextBox tb = this.cp.ContentTemplate.FindName("textbox2", this.cp) as TextBox;
            MessageBox.Show(tb.Text);
        }

界面效果如下：