springBoot 缓存机制cache

Java Caching定义了5个核心接口，分别是CachingProvider, CacheManager, Cache, Entry 和 Expiry。1 CachingProvider定义了创建、配置、获取、管理和控制多个CacheManager。一个应用可以在运行期访问多个CachingProvider。

2 CacheManager定义了创建、配置、获取、管理和控制多个唯一命名的Cache，这些Cache存在于CacheManager的上下文中。一个CacheManager仅被一个CachingProvider所拥有。

3 Cache是一个类似Map的数据结构并临时存储以Key为索引的值。一个Cache仅被一个CacheManager所拥有。

4 Entry是一个存储在Cache中的key-value对.

5 Expiry 每一个存储在Cache中的条目有一个定义的有效期。一旦超过这个时间，条目为过期的状态。一旦过期，条目将不可访问、更新和删除。缓存有效期可以通过ExpiryPolicy设置。

如下图所示:

 

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以下  转自大佬 球球果果 

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1.引入缓存

一开始创建项目的时候一定要把cache项目勾选上（前边是基本操作，选择spring Initializr，默认选项，然后勾选上cache，其他的按照项目需要进行勾选） 

2.提前准备环境

整个目录如图所示： 
 

Department类

 

package com.zyj.springboot_cache.bean;

public class Department {
    private Integer id;
    private String departMentName;

    public Department(Integer id, String departMentName) {
        this.id = id;
        this.departMentName = departMentName;
    }

    public Department() {
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Department{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", departMentName='" + departMentName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getDepartMentName() {
        return departMentName;
    }

    public void setDepartMentName(String departMentName) {
        this.departMentName = departMentName;
    }
}

 

 

employee类

 

package com.zyj.springboot_cache.bean;

public class Employee {
    private Integer id;
    private String lastName;
    private String email;
    private Integer gender;
    private Integer dId;

    public Employee() {
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                ", gender=" + gender +
                ", dId=" + dId +
                '}';
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Integer getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(Integer gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Integer getdId() {
        return dId;
    }

    public void setdId(Integer dId) {
        this.dId = dId;
    }

    public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender, Integer dId) {
        this.id = id;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.email = email;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.dId = dId;
    }
}

 

EmployeeController：

 

package com.zyj.springboot_cache.controller;

import com.zyj.springboot_cache.bean.Employee;
import com.zyj.springboot_cache.service.EmployeeService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class EmployeeController {
    @Autowired
    EmployeeService employeeService;

    @GetMapping("/emp/{id}")
    @ResponseBody
    public Employee getEmpById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        Employee empById = employeeService.getEmpById(id);
        return empById;
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/updateEmp")
    public Employee updateEmp(Employee employee) {
        System.out.println("方法执行。。。。");
        Employee employee1 = employeeService.updateEmp(employee);
        return employee1;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/delemp")
    public String delEmp(Integer id) {
        employeeService.del(id);
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/emp/getEmpByLastName/{lastName}")
    @ResponseBody
    public Employee getEmpByLastName(@PathVariable(value = "lastName") String lastName) {
        System.out.println(lastName);
        return employeeService.getEmpByLastName(lastName);
    }
}

 

EmployeeMapper

 

package com.zyj.springboot_cache.mapper;

import com.zyj.springboot_cache.bean.Employee;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

@Mapper
public interface EmployeeMapper {

    @Select("SELECT * FROM employee WHERE id = #{id}")
    public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);

    @Update("UPDATE employee SET lastName = #{lastName} ,email = #{email},gender = #{gender},dId = #{dId} where id=#{id}")
    public void updateEmp(Employee employee);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM employee WHERE id = #{id}")
    public void deleteEmp(Employee employee);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO employee (lastName,email,gender,dId) VALUES(#{lastName},#{email},#{gender},#{dId})")
    public void insertEmp(Employee employee);

    @Select("SELECT * FROM employee WHERE lastName = #{lastName}")
    Employee getEmpByLastName(String lastName);
}

举例：以上述练习为例： 
1.通过员工id获取员工信息（@Cacheable）

   @Cacheable(cacheNames = {"emp"})
    public Employee getEmpById(Integer id) {
        System.out.println("查询" + id + "号员工！");
        Employee empById = employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
        return empById;
    }

查询一次之后，会看到控制台会有查询的输出，第二次再次查询，控制台没有进行查询的日志输出，说明这个是从缓存中取出来的，并没有查询数据库。 
2.更新员工信息（@Cacheput）

 @CachePut(value = "emp", key = "#result.id")
    public Employee updateEmp(Employee employee) {
        System.out.println("updateEmployee：" + employee);
        employeeMapper.updateEmp(employee);
        System.out.println(employee);
        return employee;
    }

注意有key = “#result.id”,不添加的话他也会进行缓存，但是，与刚才我们存在缓存中的数据不是同一个key，所以当我们再次查询的时候查询的还是之前在缓存中的老数据，并没有得到更新，所以添加key制定与刚才存储的数据是一致的，保证数据与数据库中的数据是一样的。 
3.清除缓存（@CacheEvict）

 @CacheEvict(value = "emp")
    public void del(Integer id) {
        System.out.println("删除id为" + id + "的员工");
   }

（1）首先进行查询员工号为1的数据，控制台打印查询信息，再次进行查询，控制台没有信息打印，说明已经进行缓存。 
（2）此时进行数据的清除操作，删除员工（只是打印输出） 
（3）再次进行查询，会看到又一次查询了数据库，证明刚才的数据已经被清除 
4.@Caching

 @Caching(
            cacheable = {
                    @Cacheable(key = "#lastName")
            },
            put = {
                    @CachePut(key = "#result.id"),
                    @CachePut(key = "#result.email")
            }
    )
    public Employee getEmpByLastName(String lastName) {
        return employeeMapper.getEmpByLastName(lastName);
    }

（1）组合进行：发送请求

http://localhost:8080//emp/getEmpByLastName/zhangsan

•  

可以看到控制台进行输出 
（2）此时已经进行了缓存，再次进行查询的操作

http://localhost:8080//emp/1

•  

（3）可以看到控制台并没有再次进行输出，说明这个时候已经被缓存起来了，再次进行：

•  

（4）控制台也没有再次进行输出，说明cacheing缓存生效