对于python,这几天一直有两个问题在困扰我:
- 1.python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名。这是有人在论坛里提出的问题,底下一群人只是在猜测python为什么不像__file__一样提供__line__和__func__,但是却最终也没有找到解决方案。
- 2.如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下,怎么才能递归调用自己。这是我一个同事问我的,其实也是获取函数名,但是当时也是回答不出来。
但是今晚!所有的问题都有了答案。
一切还要从我用python的logging模块说起,logging中的format中是有如下选项的:
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%
(name)s Name of the logger (logging channel)
%
(levelno)s Numeric logging level
for
the message (DEBUG, INFO,
WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
%
(levelname)s Text logging level
for
the message (
"DEBUG"
,
"INFO"
,
"WARNING"
,
"ERROR"
,
"CRITICAL"
)
%
(pathname)s Full pathname of the source
file
where the logging
call was issued (
if
available)
%
(filename)s Filename portion of pathname
%
(module)s Module (name portion of filename)
%
(lineno)d Source line number where the logging call was issued
(
if
available)
%
(funcName)s Function name
%
(created)f Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()
return
value)
%
(asctime)s Textual time when the LogRecord was created
%
(msecs)d Millisecond portion of the creation time
%
(relativeCreated)d Time
in
milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,
relative to the time the logging module was loaded
(typically at application startup time)
%
(thread)d Thread
ID
(
if
available)
%
(threadName)s Thread name (
if
available)
%
(process)d Process
ID
(
if
available)
%
(message)s The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as
the record
is
emitted
|
也就是说,logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的,那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢?
我们来看一下源码,主要部分如下:
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def
currentframe():
"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
try
:
raise
Exception
except
:
return
sys.exc_info()[
2
].tb_frame.f_back
def
findCaller(
self
):
"""
Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source
file name, line number and function name.
"""
f
=
currentframe()
#On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if
#IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.
if
f
is
not
None
:
f
=
f.f_back
rv
=
"(unknown file)"
,
0
,
"(unknown function)"
while
hasattr
(f,
"f_code"
):
co
=
f.f_code
filename
=
os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)
if
filename
=
=
_srcfile:
f
=
f.f_back
continue
rv
=
(co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)
break
return
rv
def
_log(
self
, level, msg, args, exc_info
=
None
, extra
=
None
):
"""
Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls
all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.
"""
if
_srcfile:
#IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an
#exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that
#IronPython can use logging.
try
:
fn, lno, func
=
self
.findCaller()
except
ValueError:
fn, lno, func
=
"(unknown file)"
,
0
,
"(unknown function)"
else
:
fn, lno, func
=
"(unknown file)"
,
0
,
"(unknown function)"
if
exc_info:
if
not
isinstance
(exc_info,
tuple
):
exc_info
=
sys.exc_info()
record
=
self
.makeRecord(
self
.name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra)
self
.handle(record)
|
我简单解释一下,实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常,然后通过向上查找的方式,找到调用的信息。其中
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rv
=
(co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)
|
的三个值分别为文件名,行号,函数名。(可以去http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明)
OK,如果已经看懂了源码,那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了,代码如下:
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#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
#=============================================================================
# Author: dantezhu - http://www.vimer.cn
# Email: zny2008@gmail.com
# FileName: xf.py
# Description: 获取当前位置的行号和函数名
# Version: 1.0
# LastChange: 2010-12-17 01:19:19
# History:
#=============================================================================
'''
import
sys
def
get_cur_info():
"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
try
:
raise
Exception
except
:
f
=
sys.exc_info()[
2
].tb_frame.f_back
return
(f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)
def
callfunc():
print
get_cur_info()
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
callfunc()
|
输入结果是:
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(
'callfunc'
,
24
)
|
符合预期~~
哈哈,OK!现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧~
=============================================================================
后来发现,其实也可以有更简单的方法,如下:
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import
sys
def
get_cur_info():
print
sys._getframe().f_code.co_name
print
sys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name
get_cur_info()
|
================================================================================
另外,利用python的 inspect 模块中的getframeinfo也可以得到.
-
inspect.getframeinfo(
frame
[,
context
])
-
Get information about a frame or traceback object. A 5-tuple is returned, the last five elements of the frame’s frame record.
Changed in version 2.6: Returns a named tuple Traceback(filename, lineno, function, code_context, index).