用PyInstaller把Python代码打包成单个独立的exe可执行文件

之前就想要把自己的BlogsToWordpress打开成exe了。一直没去弄。

又看到有人提到python打开成exe的问题。

所以打算现在就去试试。

注：此处之所有选用BlogsToWordpress，是因为此python脚本够复杂，依赖的模块够多。

如果这个都搞定了，那么其他单个的python文件，和小python项目的打包，就更不成问题了。

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1.先去找找，目前主流有哪几种方法。

找到几个名字

cx_Freeze

PyInstaller

py2exe

2.关于py2exe和PyInstaller的两者官网：

http://www.py2exe.org/index.cgi/FAQ

和

http://www.pyinstaller.org/

比较了一下，发现貌似后者更好用。

因为貌似py2exe还需要另外的其他库文件啊啥的，太琐碎。

而PyInstaller：

• 可以只是生成单独的可执行程序
• 且支持的版本也多：2.3到2.7都支持。以及x64也支持
• 也可以自定义图标

所以先去试试PyInstaller。

3.从主页

http://www.pyinstaller.org/

中下载对应的zip包：

https://github.com/downloads/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/pyinstaller-2.0.zip

得到3M+的pyinstaller-2.0.zip，解压，打开cmd，进入对应目录，去安装，结果说不支持：

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D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\to_exe\PyInstaller\pyinstaller-2.0>setup.py install    setup.py is not yet supposed to work. Please Use PyInstaller without installation.

所以算了，还是参考官网文档，一点点折腾吧。

4.参考在线文档：

http://www.pyinstaller.org/export/v2.0/project/doc/Manual.html?format=raw

结果说需要PyWin32，所以得先去装这个。

5.后来才发现，原来之前已经安装过了：

【已解决】Python中出错：ImportError: No module named win32com.client

但是要注意的是，import不是pywin32，而是win32com：

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Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:24:47) [MSC v .1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "help" , "copyright" , "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import pywin32 Traceback (most recent call last):    File "<stdin>" , line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named pywin32 >>> import win32com >>>

6.继续参考：

Installing PyInstaller

发现，解压后，就算是安装好了。

7.在一个文件夹中，准备好自己的Python程序：

D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\BlogsToWordpress

以备后用。

8.去到pyinstaller.py所在目录，去运行：

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D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0>pyinstaller.py ..\BlogsToWordpress\BlogsToWordpress.py 232 INFO: wrote D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\BlogsToWordpress\BlogsToWordpress.spec 250 INFO: Testing for ability to set icons, version resources... 269 INFO: ... resource update available 272 INFO: UPX is not available. 1437 INFO: checking Analysis 1437 INFO: building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc non existent 1437 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc 1439 INFO: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT to dependent assemblies of final executable 3074 INFO: Searching for assembly amd64_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none ... 3075 INFO: Found manifest C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b.manifest 3081 INFO: Searching for file msvcr90.dll 3081 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcr90.dll 3081 INFO: Searching for file msvcp90.dll 3082 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcp90.dll 3082 INFO: Searching for file msvcm90.dll 3082 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcm90.dll 3292 INFO: Analyzing D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\support\_pyi_bootstrap.py 4048 INFO: Analyzing D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\PyInstaller\loader\archive.py 4101 INFO: Analyzing D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\PyInstaller\loader\carchive.py 4159 INFO: Analyzing D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\PyInstaller\loader\iu.py 4176 INFO: Analyzing ..\BlogsToWordpress\BlogsToWordpress.py 4880 INFO: Hidden import 'encodings' has been found otherwise 4881 INFO: Looking for run- time hooks 4881 INFO: Analyzing rthook D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\support /rthooks/pyi_rth_encodings .py 5523 INFO: Warnings written to D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\BlogsToWordpress\build\pyi.win32\BlogsToWordpress\warnBlogsToWordpress.txt 5528 INFO: checking PYZ 5529 INFO: rebuilding out00-PYZ.toc because out00-PYZ.pyz is missing 5529 INFO: building PYZ out00-PYZ.toc 6225 INFO: checking PKG 6226 INFO: rebuilding out00-PKG.toc because out00-PKG.pkg is missing 6226 INFO: building PKG out00-PKG.pkg 6246 INFO: checking EXE 6246 INFO: rebuilding out00-EXE.toc because BlogsToWordpress.exe missing 6248 INFO: building EXE from out00-EXE.toc 6256 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\BlogsToWordpress\build\pyi.win32\BlogsToWordpress\BlogsToWordpress.exe 6259 INFO: checking COLLECT 6259 INFO: building COLLECT out00-COLLECT.toc    D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0>

可以看到：

当前pyinstaller下面，的确生成了对应的BlogsToWordpress文件夹：

其下，也有对应的：

都已经生成了对应的exe了：

dist下面，有对应的，exe，pyd，dll等等：

汗，效率也忒高了，我还以为，需要折腾半天才可以呢，囧。。。。

9.先去试试生成的exe，是否满足我们的需求，是否可以独立运行。

不过运行之前，还是去先研究一下对应的参数吧。

看到了：

What to generate:

-F, --onefile

create a single file deployment

-D, --onedir

create a single directory deployment (default)

-o DIR, --out=DIR

create the spec file in directory. If not specified, and the current directory is Installer’s root directory, an output subdirectory will be created. Otherwise the current directory is used.

-n NAME, --name=NAME

optional name to assign to the project (from which the spec file name is generated). If omitted, the basename of the (first) script is used.

 

很明显，默认用的是-D，所以生成的是带目录的，现在重新去执行一次，使用-F生成单一的文件。

10.删掉旧的。重新运行：

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D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0>pyinstaller.py -F ..\BlogsToWordpress\BlogsToWordpress.py 39 INFO: wrote D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\BlogsToWordpress\BlogsToWordpress.spec 55 INFO: Testing for ability to set icons, version resources... 62 INFO: ... resource update available 63 INFO: UPX is not available. 848 INFO: checking Analysis 848 INFO: building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc non existent 849 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc 851 INFO: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT to dependent assemblies of final executable 905 INFO: Searching for assembly amd64_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none ... 907 INFO: Found manifest C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b.manifest 908 INFO: Searching for file msvcr90.dll 908 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcr90.dll 911 INFO: Searching for file msvcp90.dll 911 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcp90.dll 912 INFO: Searching for file msvcm90.dll 914 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcm90.dll 987 INFO: Analyzing D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\support\_pyi_bootstrap.py 1639 INFO: Analyzing D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\PyInstaller\loader\archive.py 1694 INFO: Analyzing D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\PyInstaller\loader\carchive.py 1750 INFO: Analyzing D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\PyInstaller\loader\iu.py 1766 INFO: Analyzing ..\BlogsToWordpress\BlogsToWordpress.py 2246 INFO: Hidden import 'encodings' has been found otherwise 2247 INFO: Looking for run- time hooks 2249 INFO: Analyzing rthook D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\support /rthooks/pyi_rth_encodings .py 2608 INFO: Warnings written to D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\make_exe\pyinstaller-2.0\BlogsToWordpress\build\pyi.win32\BlogsToWordpress\warnBlogsToWordpress.txt 2611 INFO: checking PYZ 2612 INFO: rebuilding out00-PYZ.toc because out00-PYZ.pyz is missing 2613 INFO: building PYZ out00-PYZ.toc 3290 INFO: checking PKG 3290 INFO: rebuilding out00-PKG.toc because out00-PKG.pkg is missing 3292 INFO: building PKG out00-PKG.pkg 4784 INFO: checking EXE 4784 INFO: rebuilding out00-EXE.toc because BlogsToWordpress.exe missing 4786 INFO: building EXE from out00-EXE.toc