oracle: flashback version query示例

最新推荐文章于 2019-11-29 10:31:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2019-11-29 10:31:57 发布

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分类专栏： oracle与c++开发文章标签： oracle query sql database insert features

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flashback version query不是oracle的什么新特性，但10g、11g都在9i基础上做了功能增强，在某些场合可能会用到。下面利用示例展示一下他的概念；

Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 
Connected as hr
 
SQL> show user;
User is "hr"
 
SQL> show parameter undo
 
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      AUTO
undo_retention                       integer     9000
undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOTBS1
 
SQL> truncate table t1;
 
Table truncated
 
SQL> select systimestamp from dual;
 
SYSTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31-DEC-11 02.58.26.560000 PM +08:00
 
SQL> insert into t1 values(1,'jash');
 
1 row inserted
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
 
SQL> update t1 set name ='bob' where id =1;
 
1 row updated
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
 
SQL> select systimestamp from dual;
 
SYSTIMESTAMP
-----------------------------------------
31-DEC-11 02.59.04.318000 PM +08:00
 
SQL> 
SQL> SELECT versions_startscn, versions_starttime,
  2         versions_endscn, versions_endtime,
  3         versions_xid, versions_operation,
  4         id, name
  5    FROM hr.t1
  6    VERSIONS BETWEEN TIMESTAMP
  7        TO_TIMESTAMP('2011-12-31 14:58:26', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
  8    AND TO_TIMESTAMP('2011-12-31 14:59:04', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');

查询结果列标题有些长，我做了截断，要不然整行显示不下，请对照上面的查询语句看列标题；

 
SQL> 
SQL> insert into t1 values(2,'clark');
 
1 row inserted
SQL> insert into t1 values(3,'pig');
 
1 row inserted
SQL> insert into t1 values(4,'duck');
 
1 row inserted
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
 
SQL> 
SQL> update t1 set name='kate' where id=2;
 
1 row updated
SQL> update t1 set name='luna' where id=2;
 
1 row updated
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
 
SQL> select systimestamp from dual;
 
SYSTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31-DEC-11 03.05.31.071000 PM +08:00
 
SQL> 
SQL> SELECT versions_startscn, versions_starttime,
  2         versions_endscn, versions_endtime,
  3         versions_xid, versions_operation,
  4         id, name
  5    FROM hr.t1
  6    VERSIONS BETWEEN TIMESTAMP
  7        TO_TIMESTAMP('2011-12-31 14:58:26', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
  8    AND TO_TIMESTAMP('2011-12-31 15:05:31', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');

做一下简要描述：

第六行：start_scn：3852006 end_scn：3852023 operation：I(insert) 表示插入values(1,'jash')

第五行：start_scn：3852023 operation：U(update) 表示更新'bob' id为1的记录，所以第六行新插入的数据被更新了；

... ...

可以看到通过查询可以找到所关注行的版本记录，其中必须存在于undo回滚段中，commit已提交的事务，呵呵；

最后看一下官方文档的概述：

Oracle Flashback features use the Automatic Undo Management (AUM) system to obtain metadata and historical data for transactions. They rely on undo data, which are records of the effects of individual transactions. For example, if a user runs an UPDATE statement to change a salary from 1000 to 1100, then Oracle Database stores the value 1000 in the undo data.Undo data is persistent and survives a database shutdown.

By using flashback features, you can use undo data to query past data or recover from logical damage. Besides using it in flashback features, Oracle Database uses undo data to perform these actions:

•Roll back active transactions

•Recover terminated transactions by using database or process recovery

•Provide read consistency for SQL queries