大数据实战之配置集群

设置免密登录

1）生成公钥和私钥

[kfk@bigdata-pro01 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/kfk/.ssh/id_rsa):
/home/kfk/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/kfk/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/kfk/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:0LUJcD8XkH4jluGWhmFhJ9rw9uWe0ZM7+yP3hlcepcc kfk@bigdata-pro01.kfk.com
The key’s randomart image is:
±–[RSA 2048]----+
| o..+o. |
| Oooo . |
| o.===+o |
| o…X=o. …|
| S+.oo.+o.|
| . o.+E|
| o o+o|
| …=+|
| ++=|
±—[SHA256]-----+

2）密钥分发

ssh-copy-id进行密钥分发，具体操作如下：
[kfk@bigdata-pro01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id bigdata-pro02
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: “/home/kfk/.ssh/id_rsa.pub”
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed – if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
kfk@bigdata-pro02’s password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: “ssh ‘bigdata-pro02’”
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[kfk@bigdata-pro01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id bigdata-pro03
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: “/home/kfk/.ssh/id_rsa.pub”
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed – if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
kfk@bigdata-pro03’s password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: “ssh ‘bigdata-pro03’”
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[kfk@bigdata-pro01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id bigdata-pro04
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: “/home/kfk/.ssh/id_rsa.pub”
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed – if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
kfk@bigdata-pro04’s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
kfk@bigdata-pro04’s password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: “ssh ‘bigdata-pro04’”
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[kfk@bigdata-pro01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id bigdata-pro05
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: “/home/kfk/.ssh/id_rsa.pub”
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed – if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
kfk@bigdata-pro05’s password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: “ssh ‘bigdata-pro05’”
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

同步配置环境变量

/etc/bashrc
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/modules/jdk-18.0.2.1
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:.
/home/kfk/.bash_profile

在其他主机创建/opt/modules目录

mkdir -p /op/modules

分发jdk

scp -r /opt/modules/jdk-18.0.2.1 root@bigdata-pro02:/opt/modules
scp -r /opt/modules/jdk-18.0.2.1 root@bigdata-pro03:/opt/modules
scp -r /opt/modules/jdk-18.0.2.1 root@bigdata-pro04:/opt/modules
scp -r /opt/modules/jdk-18.0.2.1 root@bigdata-pro05:/opt/modules

分发hadoop

scp -r /home/kfk/hadoop-2.8.0 kfk@bigdata-pro02:/home/kfk/
scp -r /home/kfk/hadoop-2.8.0 kfk@bigdata-pro03:/home/kfk/
scp -r /home/kfk/hadoop-2.8.0 kfk@bigdata-pro04:/home/kfk/
scp -r /home/kfk/hadoop-2.8.0 kfk@bigdata-pro05:/home/kfk/

配置集群

核心配置文件

配置core-site.xml
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ vi core-site.xml
在该文件中编写如下配置

<!-- 指定HDFS中NameNode的地址 -->
<property>
		<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
      <value>hdfs://hadoop102:9000</value>
</property>

<!-- 指定Hadoop运行时产生文件的存储目录 -->
<property>
		<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
		<value>/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/data/tmp</value>
</property>

HDFS配置文件

配置hadoop-env.sh
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ vi hadoop-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_144
配置hdfs-site.xml
atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ vi hdfs-site.xml
在该文件中编写如下配置

<property>
		<name>dfs.replication</name>
		<value>3</value>
</property>

<!-- 指定Hadoop辅助名称节点主机配置 -->
<property>
      <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
      <value>hadoop104:50090</value>
</property>

YARN配置文件

配置yarn-env.sh
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ vi yarn-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_144
配置yarn-site.xml
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ vi yarn-site.xml
在该文件中增加如下配置

<!-- reducer获取数据的方式 -->
<property>
		<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
		<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>

<!-- 指定YARN的ResourceManager的地址 -->
<property>
		<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
		<value>hadoop103</value>
</property>

MapReduce配置文件

配置mapred-env.sh
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ vi mapred-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_144
配置mapred-site.xml
atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ vi mapred-site.xml
在该文件中增加如下配置

<!-- 指定mr运行在yarn上 -->
<property>
		<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
		<value>yarn</value>
</property>

在集群上分发配置好的Hadoop配置文件

使用scp 或 rsync脚本同步即可

集群单点启动

（1）如果集群是第一次启动，需要格式化NameNode
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop namenode -format
（2）在hadoop102上启动NameNode
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ jps
3461 NameNode
（3）在hadoop102、hadoop103以及hadoop104上分别启动DataNode
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ jps
3461 NameNode
3608 Jps
3561 DataNode
[atguigu@hadoop103 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
[atguigu@hadoop103 hadoop-2.7.2]$ jps
3190 DataNode
3279 Jps
[atguigu@hadoop104 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
[atguigu@hadoop104 hadoop-2.7.2]$ jps
3237 Jps
3163 DataNode

集群群点启动

配置slaves

/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/etc/hadoop/slaves
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop]$ vi slaves
在该文件中增加如下内容：
hadoop102
hadoop103
hadoop104
注意：该文件中添加的内容结尾不允许有空格，文件中不允许有空行。

启动集群

（1）如果集群是第一次启动，需要格式化NameNode
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hdfs namenode -format
（2）启动HDFS
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ jps
4166 NameNode
4482 Jps
4263 DataNode
[atguigu@hadoop103 hadoop-2.7.2]$ jps
3218 DataNode
3288 Jps

[atguigu@hadoop104 hadoop-2.7.2]$ jps
3221 DataNode
3283 SecondaryNameNode
3364 Jps
（3）启动YARN
[atguigu@hadoop103 hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
注意：NameNode和ResourceManger如果不是同一台机器，不能在NameNode上启动 YARN，应该在ResouceManager所在的机器上启动YARN。

集群基本测试

上传文件到集群

上传小文件

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/atguigu/input
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -put wcinput/wc.input /user/atguigu/input

上传大文件

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hadoop fs -put
/opt/software/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz /user/atguigu/input

上传文件后查看文件存放在什么位置

查看HDFS文件存储路径

[atguigu@hadoop102 subdir0]$ pwd
/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/data/tmp/dfs/data/current/BP-938951106-192.168.10.107-1495462844069/current/finalized/subdir0/subdir0

查看HDFS在磁盘存储文件内容

[atguigu@hadoop102 subdir0]$ cat blk_1073741825
hadoop yarn
hadoop mapreduce
atguigu
atguigu

拼接

-rw-rw-r–. 1 atguigu atguigu 134217728 5月 23 16:01 blk_1073741836
-rw-rw-r–. 1 atguigu atguigu 1048583 5月 23 16:01 blk_1073741836_1012.meta
-rw-rw-r–. 1 atguigu atguigu 63439959 5月 23 16:01 blk_1073741837
-rw-rw-r–. 1 atguigu atguigu 495635 5月 23 16:01 blk_1073741837_1013.meta
[atguigu@hadoop102 subdir0]$ cat blk_1073741836>>tmp.file
[atguigu@hadoop102 subdir0]$ cat blk_1073741837>>tmp.file
[atguigu@hadoop102 subdir0]$ tar -zxvf tmp.file

下载

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ bin/hadoop fs -get
/user/atguigu/input/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz ./
其他还有需要配置集群时间同步。

集群时间同步

时间同步的方式：找一个机器，作为时间服务器，所有的机器与这台集群时间进行定时的同步，比如，每隔十分钟，同步一次时间。