Centos 7 安装Mysql 5.7 ,RPM 在线安装

一、检查系统是否安装其他版本Mariadb数据库

注意：在新版本的CentOS7中，默认的数据库已更新为了Mariadb，而非 MySQL。

# 查看已安装的 Mariadb 数据库版本
rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb
# 卸载已安装的 Mariadb 数据库
rpm -qa|grep mariadb|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
# 再次查看已安装的 Mariadb 数据库版本，确认是否卸载完成
rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb

二、下载mysql安装包，并安装

# 2.1下载安装包文件
wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

# 2.2执行rpm命令
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

# 2.3执行yum命令查看可用的 mysql 安装文件
yum repolist all | grep mysql

# 2.4防止GPG key报错，执行这个命令
rm /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
# 2.5安装mysql
yum install -y mysql-community-server

# 2.6检查mysql是否安装成功
rpm -qa | grep mysql

注意！如果报错：源 “MySQL 5.7 Community Server” 的 GPG 密钥已安装，但是不适用于此软件包。请检查源的公钥 URL 是否配置正确。


解决办法：

rm /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

三、安装完成后，初次安装执行安全配置向导

3.1启动mysql服务

# 启动服务
systemctl start mysqld

# 查看是否启动成功
systemctl status mysqld

3.2查看临时密码，MySQL5.7为root用户随机生成了一个密码

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

3.3配置root信息
安装完成后执行【mysql_secure_installation】，设置内容如下：

1. 为root用户设置密码
2. 删除匿名账号
3. 取消root用户远程登录
4. 删除test库和对test库的访问权限
5. 刷新授权表使修改生效

[root@centosServer ~]# mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: 							##<– 输入mysqld.log里的临时密码

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password: 											##<– 输入新密码。要求：大小写字母、数字、特殊字符组合

Re-enter new password: 									##<– 输入新密码。要求：大小写字母、数字、特殊字符组合
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y		##<– 选择是

New password: 											##<– 输入新密码。要求：大小写字母、数字、特殊字符组合

Re-enter new password: 									##<– 输入新密码。要求：大小写字母、数字、特殊字符组合

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y ##<– 是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车
Success.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N ##<– 是否禁止root远程登录,根据需求选择,建议禁止

 ... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N ##<– 是否删除test数据库,直接回车

 ... skipping.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : 	##<– 是否重新加载权限表，直接回车

 ... skipping.
All done! 

四、设置UTF-8编码

4.1登录root用户，查看mysql默认编码

[root@centosServer ~]# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

4.2编辑mysql的my.cnf文件，设置UTF-8编码

# 备份my.cnf文件
[root@centosServer ~]# cp -a /etc/my.cnf /etc/my_back.cnf
# 编辑my.cnf文件
[root@centosServer ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

#设置编码内容
[mysqld]
# 设置编码
character-set-server=utf8 
collation-server=utf8_general_ci 

# 1.默认采用InnoDB存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB

# 2.设置大小写敏感
lower_case_table_names=1

# 3.sql_mode定义了支持的sql语法、数据校验等
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysql.server]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld_safe]
default-character-set = utf8

[client]
default-character-set = utf8

4.3重启mysql服务，查看验证编码

[root@centosServer ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@centosServer ~]# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

五、修改默认端口

Centos 7 修改 Mysql 5.7 默认端口号

六、修改默认数据库存储路径

Centos 7 修改 Mysql 5.7 默认数据库存储路径

七、开启远程连接

# 登录root用户建立远程连接
[root@centosServer ~]# mysql -uroot -p

# 授权命令
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你设置的密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> flush privileges;

八、开放防火墙端口

# 查询3306端口是否开放
firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
# 开放3306端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# 重启
firewall-cmd --reload
# 查看防火墙是否放行3306端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports

九、开机自启动

#开启开机启动
systemctl enable mysqld.service
#关闭开机启动
systemctl disable mysqld.service
#查看开机启动
systemctl list-unit-files | grep mysqld.service

十、大小写敏感设置

# 编辑my.cnf文件
vi  /etc/my.cnf
# 插入
lower_case_table_names=1

十一、修改密码的强度

# 登录root用户建立远程连接
[root@centosServer ~]# mysql -uroot -p

#修改密码长度限制策略
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;                 #--表示将密码安全等级设置为low
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;                #--表示将密码长度设置为最小6位

#修改root用户密码为root
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';

#重新授权远程登录
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

十二、生产环境优化

Centos 7 生产环境优化 Mysql 5.7

十三、常用命令

启动：# systemctl start mysqld.service
关闭：# systemctl stop mysqld.service
重启：# systemctl restart mysqld.service
状态：# systemctl status mysqld.service

查看版本：mysql -V

查看进程：ps -ef | grep mysqld
如果有mysqld_safe和mysqld两个进程，说明MySQL服务当前在启动状态；

十四、卸载Mysql

rpm -qa | grep mysql
yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch

十五、参考网址

https://www.cnblogs.com/jinghuyue/p/11565564.html
安装报错：https://www.isres.com/linux/4749.html

yum获取rpm软件包：https://www.cnblogs.com/johnnyzen/p/14250987.html