java线程同步示例

  源自–java核心技术
  这里通过一个例子说明如何使用java中的同步，一个银行有100个账户，创建多个线程来执行随机从一个账户向另一个账户转账，未执行同步时执行结果输出银行总金额会出现差错，在使用同步之后，程序没有出现任何差错。代码如下：

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Bank {
    private final double[] accounts;
    private Lock bankLock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition();

    public Bank(int n, double initialBalance) {

        accounts = new double[n];
        Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
    }

    public synchronized void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException {
        bankLock.lock();
        try {
            while (accounts[from] < amount) wait();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
            accounts[from] -= amount;
            System.out.printf("%10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
            accounts[to] += amount;
            System.out.printf(" Total Balance:%10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
            notifyAll();
        } finally {
            bankLock.unlock();
        }
    }


        //第二种同步方法，不建议
/*    public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException {
        bankLock.lock();
        try {
            while (accounts[from] < amount) sufficientFunds.await();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
            accounts[from] -= amount;
            System.out.printf("%10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
            accounts[to] += amount;
            System.out.printf(" Total Balance:%10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
            sufficientFunds.signalAll();
        } finally {
            bankLock.unlock();
        }
    }*/

        public double getTotalBalance () {
            double sum = 0;
            for (double a : accounts)
                sum += a;
            return sum;
        }

        public int size () {
            return accounts.length;
        }
    }

public class UnsynchBankTest {
    public static final int NACCOUNTS=100;
    public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE=1000;
    public static final double MAX_AMOUNT=1000;
    public static final int DELAY=10;

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Bank bank=new Bank(NACCOUNTS,INITIAL_BALANCE);
        for(int i=0;i<NACCOUNTS;i++){
            int fromAccount=i;
            Runnable r=()->{
                try{
                    while(true){
                        int toAccount=(int)(bank.size()*Math.random());
                        double amount=MAX_AMOUNT*Math.random();
                        bank.transfer(fromAccount,toAccount,amount);
                        Thread.sleep((int)(DELAY*Math.random()));
                    }
                }
                catch (InterruptedException e){

                }
            };
            Thread t=new Thread(r);
            t.start();
        }
    }
}