1.如果一个文档中有一个field 使 I like java spark
如果使用match 搜索java spark,那么会进行分词,如果使用term,精确匹配JAVA spark也不能搜索,这时候需要用到match_phase
因为文档在分词的时候会记录位置,match_phase是根据分词的位置来实现的,
具体:
近似匹配
1、什么是近似匹配
两个句子
java is my favourite programming language, and I also think spark is a very good big data system.
java spark are very related, because scala is spark's programming language and scala is also based on jvm like java.
match query,搜索java spark
{
"match": {
"content": "java spark"
}
}
match query,只能搜索到包含java和spark的document,但是不知道java和spark是不是离的很近
包含java或包含spark,或包含java和spark的doc,都会被返回回来。我们其实并不知道哪个doc,java和spark距离的比较近。如果我们就是希望搜索java spark,中间不能插入任何其他的字符,那这个时候match去做全文检索,能搞定我们的需求吗?答案是,搞不定。
如果我们要尽量让java和spark离的很近的document优先返回,要给它一个更高的relevance score,这就涉及到了proximity match,近似匹配
如果说,要实现两个需求:
1、java spark,就靠在一起,中间不能插入任何其他字符,就要搜索出来这种doc
2、java spark,但是要求,java和spark两个单词靠的越近,doc的分数越高,排名越靠前
要实现上述两个需求,用match做全文检索,是搞不定的,必须得用proximity match,近似匹配
phrase match,proximity match:短语匹配,近似匹配
这一讲,要学习的是phrase match,就是仅仅搜索出java和spark靠在一起的那些doc,比如有个doc,是java use'd spark,不行。必须是比如java spark are very good friends,是可以搜索出来的。
phrase match,就是要去将多个term作为一个短语,一起去搜索,只有包含这个短语的doc才会作为结果返回。不像是match,java spark,java的doc也会返回,spark的doc也会返回。
2、match_phrase
GET /forum/article/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"content": "java spark"
}
}
}
单单包含java的doc也返回了,不是我们想要的结果
POST /forum/article/5/_update
{
"doc": {
"content": "spark is best big data solution based on scala ,an programming language similar to java spark"
}
}
将一个doc的content设置为恰巧包含java spark这个短语
match_phrase语法
GET /forum/article/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"content": "java spark"
}
}
}
成功了,只有包含java spark这个短语的doc才返回了,只包含java的doc不会返回
3、term position
hello world, java spark doc1
hi, spark java doc2
hello doc1(0)
wolrd doc1(1)
java doc1(2) doc2(2)
spark doc1(3) doc2(1)
了解什么是分词后的position
GET _analyze
{
"text": "hello world, java spark",
"analyzer": "standard"
}
4、match_phrase的基本原理
索引中的position,match_phrase
hello world, java spark doc1
hi, spark java doc2
hello doc1(0)
wolrd doc1(1)
java doc1(2) doc2(2)
spark doc1(3) doc2(1)
java spark --> match phrase
java spark --> java和spark
java --> doc1(2) doc2(2)
spark --> doc1(3) doc2(1)
要找到每个term都在的一个共有的那些doc,就是要求一个doc,必须包含每个term,才能拿出来继续计算
doc1 --> java和spark --> spark position恰巧比java大1 --> java的position是2,spark的position是3,恰好满足条件
doc1符合条件
doc2 --> java和spark --> java position是2,spark position是1,spark position比java position小1,而不是大1 --> 光是position就不满足,那么doc2不匹配
slop的使用
以下文档用match_phase的java spark使搜索不出来的,java 候两个才有spark,所以可以加上slop,只要slop >2 才能被搜索出来
get forum/article/5/_update
{
"doc":{
"content":"java are very spark related, because scala is spark's programming language and scala is also based on jvm like java"
}
}
get forum/article/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase": {
"content":{
"query":"java spark",
"slop":2(大于这个数字都能被搜索出来)
}
}
}
}
如果同时还有一条数据这样的
get forum/article/4/_update
{
"doc":{
"content":"java are very related, because scala is spark programming language and scala is also based on jvm like java"
}
}
因为这个java 和spark的距离比上一条远,所以这个分数要低一点
3.综合使用match和match_phase
召回率
比如你搜索一个java spark,总共有100个doc,能返回多少个doc作为结果,就是召回率,recall
精准度
比如你搜索一个java spark,能不能尽可能让包含java spark,或者是java和spark离的很近的doc,排在最前面,precision
直接用match_phrase短语搜索,会导致必须所有term都在doc field中出现,而且距离在slop限定范围内,才能匹配上
match phrase,proximity match,要求doc必须包含所有的term,才能作为结果返回;如果某一个doc可能就是有某个term没有包含,那么就无法作为结果返回
java spark --> hello world java --> 就不能返回了
java spark --> hello world, java spark --> 才可以返回
近似匹配的时候,召回率比较低,精准度太高了
但是有时可能我们希望的是匹配到几个term中的部分,就可以作为结果出来,这样可以提高召回率。同时我们也希望用上match_phrase根据距离提升分数的功能,让几个term距离越近分数就越高,优先返回
就是优先满足召回率,意思,java spark,包含java的也返回,包含spark的也返回,包含java和spark的也返回;同时兼顾精准度,就是包含java和spark,同时java和spark离的越近的doc排在最前面
此时可以用bool组合match query和match_phrase query一起,来实现上述效果
GET /forum/article/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": {
"match": {
"title": {
"query": "java spark" --> java或spark或java spark,java和spark靠前,但是没法区分java和spark的距离,也许java和spark靠的很近,但是没法排在最前面
}
}
},
"should": {
"match_phrase": { --> 在slop以内,如果java spark能匹配上一个doc,那么就会对doc贡献自己的relevance score,如果java和spark靠的越近,那么就分数越高
"title": {
"query": "java spark",
"slop": 50
}
}
}
}
}
}
GET /forum/article/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"content": "java spark"
}
}
]
}
}
}
{
"took": 5,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.68640786,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "forum",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.68640786,
"_source": {
"articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
"userID": 1,
"hidden": false,
"postDate": "2017-01-02",
"tag": [
"java"
],
"tag_cnt": 1,
"view_cnt": 50,
"title": "this is java blog",
"content": "i think java is the best programming language",
"sub_title": "learned a lot of course",
"author_first_name": "Smith",
"author_last_name": "Williams",
"new_author_last_name": "Williams",
"new_author_first_name": "Smith",
"followers": [
"Tom",
"Jack"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "forum",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "5",
"_score": 0.68324494,
"_source": {
"articleID": "DHJK-B-1395-#Ky5",
"userID": 3,
"hidden": false,
"postDate": "2017-03-01",
"tag": [
"elasticsearch"
],
"tag_cnt": 1,
"view_cnt": 10,
"title": "this is spark blog",
"content": "spark is best big data solution based on scala ,an programming language similar to java spark",
"sub_title": "haha, hello world",
"author_first_name": "Tonny",
"author_last_name": "Peter Smith",
"new_author_last_name": "Peter Smith",
"new_author_first_name": "Tonny",
"followers": [
"Jack",
"Robbin Li"
]
}
}
]
}
}
GET /forum/article/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"content": "java spark"
}
}
],
"should": [
{
"match_phrase": {
"content": {
"query": "java spark",
"slop": 50
}
}
}
]
}
}
}
{
"took": 5,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1.258609,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "forum",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "5",
"_score": 1.258609,
"_source": {
"articleID": "DHJK-B-1395-#Ky5",
"userID": 3,
"hidden": false,
"postDate": "2017-03-01",
"tag": [
"elasticsearch"
],
"tag_cnt": 1,
"view_cnt": 10,
"title": "this is spark blog",
"content": "spark is best big data solution based on scala ,an programming language similar to java spark",
"sub_title": "haha, hello world",
"author_first_name": "Tonny",
"author_last_name": "Peter Smith",
"new_author_last_name": "Peter Smith",
"new_author_first_name": "Tonny",
"followers": [
"Jack",
"Robbin Li"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "forum",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.68640786,
"_source": {
"articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
"userID": 1,
"hidden": false,
"postDate": "2017-01-02",
"tag": [
"java"
],
"tag_cnt": 1,
"view_cnt": 50,
"title": "this is java blog",
"content": "i think java is the best programming language",
"sub_title": "learned a lot of course",
"author_first_name": "Smith",
"author_last_name": "Williams",
"new_author_last_name": "Williams",
"new_author_first_name": "Smith",
"followers": [
"Tom",
"Jack"
]
}
}
]
}
}
4.关于性能
match match_phase slop 性能比较
match ->只要简单的匹配一个term,就可以理解成将term对应的doc作为返回结果,扫描倒排索引
后两者-> 匹配出候还要计算位置,所以性能弱于前者。