[英语语法]句法之倒装句式与插入语

本博文源于《语法知识清单》，今天讲述句法中的倒装句式与插入语。

倒装句式

主语和谓语有两种顺序：主语在前称为自然语序；反之，如果谓语在主语前面，称为倒装语序。倒装的形式有两种：部分倒装和全部倒装。有时把强调的内容提至句首，称为形式倒装。

部分倒装

部分倒装是指谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词、连系动词be)移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分保留在主语的后面。如果谓语部分无上述三种动词则需找助动词do、did、does来“帮助”它构成倒装句。主从复合句中主句倒装，从句不倒装。

only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时

• Only recently have I had time to read the book.
• Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.

具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含有否定词的介词短语，固定搭配放于句首时，句子需部分倒装。

• by no means 一点也不
• not 不
• hardly 几乎不
• little 很少
• never 从不

例句：

1. Seldom do barking dog bite.
2. By no means should we look down upon the people who get the lower questions than us.

not only…but also…“不仅…而且…”.not only所在分词要部分倒装,but also所在的分句不倒装

• Not only do sharing bicycles provide great convenience for people to travel,but also they can ease traffic pressure.

not until…“直到…才…”.作状语或引导状语从句置于句首时，句子/主句要用部分倒装

• Not until his fiances are in the bank do I want to got married.

no sooner…than…与hardly/scarcely…when这两种句式要在主句进行倒装，即在no sooner和hardly/scarcely后倒装

• No sooner had he opened the door than a gust of wind blew the candle out.

so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适合另一个人或物。其句型为:so/neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应，neither/nor与前面的否定句呼应

• I hadn’t been to Beijing before and neither had he.

neither…nor 连接两个分句时，两个分句都要采用部分倒装

• Neither was the director for the plan our was he against it.

在so/such…that(如此…以至于)句型中，若so/such…提至句首，则需要部分倒装。在这个句型中，so/such所在的主句倒装，that从句不倒装

• So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.

部分倒装用于省略了if的虚拟条件句

含有were,should或had的虚拟条件从句，可以省略if，条件从句使用部分倒装，结构是：Were/should/had + 主语

• Were I you,I wouldn’t buy the car.

全部倒装(完全倒装)

在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语部分会放在主语的前面

in,out,up,down,away,off,back,there,here,now,then等副词在句首作状语，谓语动词是come,go,rush,run等时,句子要完全倒装.

Down jumped the man from the horse.

表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是be,stand,sit,lie等时,用完全倒装结构

On the ground lay a sick goat.

such置于句首完全倒装

Such are the facts;no one can deny them.

分词/形容词+(地点状语+)be+主语

Seated in the front are the leaders of the school.

形式倒装

形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把需要强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。

感叹句

• What a rich breakfast it is!

the+比较级…,the+比较级…句型

• The higher you climb,the farther you will see.

whatever…/however…引导的让步状语从句

• However rich people are,they always seem anxious to make more money.

as,though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况

表语的倒装

• Genuis though she was,she was quite unassuming.

谓语的倒装

• Fail though I did,I would not abandon my goal.

状语的倒装

• Much though I admire her,I cannot excuse her faults.

插入语

插入语的内容不是很多，都是一些固定句型。了解即可。为什么？因为大家在作长难句翻译的时候，知道如何翻译就行了。