Oracle中常用经典sql查询语句

1 查看表空间的名称及大小  

select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name;

  2 查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小  

 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;  

 3 查看回滚段名称及大小  

select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) order by segment_name;    

4 查看控制文件    

select name from v$controlfile;  

5查看日志文件  

 select member from v$logfile;  

6 查看表空间的使用情况  

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;  SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" FROM SYS.M$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;  

7 查看数据库库对象  

 select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status; 

8 查看数据库的版本　  

Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';  

9 查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式  

Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;  

10 捕捉运行很久的SQL    

column username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8   select username,sid,opname,       round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,       time_remaining,sql_text from v$session_longops , v$sql where time_remaining <> 0 and sql_address = address and sql_hash_value = hash_value /

11 查看数据表的参数信息

SELECT   partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,         pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,         next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,         freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,         empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,         last_analyzed    FROM dba_tab_partitions   --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner ORDER BY partition_position    

12 查看还没提交的事务

select * from v$locked_object; select * from v$transaction;    

13 查找object为哪些进程所用

select p.spid, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num, s.username user_name, a.type  object_type, s.osuser os_user_name, a.owner, a.object object_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.status session_status   from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p   where s.paddr = p.addr and      s.type = 'USER' and         a.sid = s.sid   and   a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR' order by s.username, s.osuser  

14 回滚段查看

select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum  

15 耗资源的进程（top session）

 select s.schemaname schema_name,    decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,    status session_status,   s.osuser os_user_name,   s.sid,         p.spid ,         s.serial# serial_num,   nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,   s.terminal terminal,     s.program program,   st.value criteria_value  from v$sesstat st,   v$session s  , v$process p   where st.sid = s.sid and   st.statistic# = to_number('38') and   ('ALL' = 'ALL' or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc,  p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc    

16 查看锁（lock）情况

select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name,   ls.username user_name,   decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,   o.object_name object,   decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null) lock_mode,    o.owner,   ls.sid,   ls.serial# serial_num,   ls.id1,   ls.id2    from sys.dba_objects o, (   select s.osuser,    s.username,    l.type,     l.lmode,    s.sid,    s.serial#,    l.id1,    l.id2   from v$session s,     v$lock l   where s.sid = l.sid ) ls  where o.object_id = ls.id1 and    o.owner <> 'SYS'   order by o.owner, o.object_name  

 17 查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count  

18 查看sga情况

 SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC  

19 查看 catched object SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, type, sharable_mem, loads,       executions,locks,pins,  kept FROM v$db_object_cache          

20 查看V$SQLAREA SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA  

21 查看object分类数量

select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select 'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from    

22 按用户查看object种类

select u.name schema,   sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,   sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables,   sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL)) clusters,   sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views,   sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, NULL)) synonyms,   sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,   sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1)) others   from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u   where o.type# >= 1 and    u.user# = o.owner# and   u.name <> 'PUBLIC'   group by u.name    order by sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$    

有关connection的相关信息

 1 查看有哪些用户连接

select s.osuser os_user_name,    decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,     p.program oracle_process,     status session_status,    s.terminal terminal,    s.program program,    s.username user_name,    s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter,    '' query,    0 memory,    0 max_memory,     0 cpu_usage,    s.sid,   s.serial# serial_num    from v$session s,    v$process p   where s.paddr=p.addr and    s.type = 'USER'  order by s.username, s.osuser

2 根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

select n.name,  v.value,  n.class,  n.statistic#  from  v$statname n,  v$sesstat v where v.sid = 71 and  v.statistic# = n.statistic# order by n.class, n.statistic#

3 根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的

sql select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */  command_type,  sql_text,  sharable_mem,  persistent_mem,  runtime_mem,  sorts,  version_count,  loaded_versions,  open_versions,  users_opening,  executions,  users_executing,  loads,  first_load_time,  invalidations,  parse_calls,  disk_reads,  buffer_gets,  rows_processed,  sysdate start_time,  sysdate finish_time,  '>' || address sql_address,  'N' status from v$sqlarea where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)  

24 查询表空间使用情况

select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称", 100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)", round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)", round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)", round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)", Largest "最大扩展段(M)", to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间" from  (select f.tablespace_name,    sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,    sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes from dba_data_files f group by tablespace_name) a, (select  f.tablespace_name,     sum(f.bytes) bytes_free from dba_free_space f group by tablespace_name) b, (select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,    ts.name tablespace_name from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name  

 25 查询表空间的碎片程度  

select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name having count(tablespace_name)>10;   alter tablespace name coalesce; alter table name deallocate unused;   create or replace view ts_blocks_v as select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space union all select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;   select * from ts_blocks_v;   select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;  

26 查询有哪些数据库实例在运行

 select inst_name from v$active_instances;  

27 创建数据look $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/buildall.sql  

create database db01 maxlogfiles 10 maxdatafiles 1024 maxinstances 2 logfile GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M, undo tablespace UNDO datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M default temporary tablespace TEMP tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M extent management local uniform size 128k character set AL32UTE8 national character set AL16UTF16 set time_zone='America/New_York';  

28 数据字典    

 set wrap off   select * from v$dba_users; grant select on table_name to user/rule;   select * from user_tables; select * from all_tables; select * from dba_tables;

29 revoke dba from user_name;
 

shutdown immediate

startup nomount

select * from v$instance;

select * from v$sga;

select * from v$tablespace;

alter session set nls_language=american;

alter database mount;

select * from v$database;

alter database open;

desc dictionary

select * from dict;

desc v$fixed_table;

select * from v$fixed_table;

set oracle_sid=foxconn

select * from dba_objects;

set serveroutput on

execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');

30控制文件
 

select * from v$database;

select * from v$tablespace;

select * from v$logfile;

select * from v$log;

select * from v$backup;

31备份用户表空间
alter tablespace users begin backup;

select * from v$archived_log;

select * from v$controlfile;

alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl',

'$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;

cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl

startup pfile='../initSID.ora'

select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;

show parameter control;

select * from v$controlfile_record_section;

select * from v$tempfile;  

32备份控制文件
alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';

33备份控制文件，并将二进制控制文件变为了asc 的文本文件
alter database backup controlfile to trace;

34redo log
 

archive log list;

alter system archive log start;--启动自动存档

alter system switch logfile;--强行进行一次日志switch

alter system checkpoint;--强制进行一次checkpoint

alter tablspace users begin backup;

alter tablespace offline;

/*checkpoint 同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高，系统恢复所需时间越短*/

show parameter fast;

show parameter log_checkpoint;

1加入一个日志组
alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M );

2加入日志组的一个成员
alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;

3删除日志组:当前日志组不能删；活动的日志组不能删；非归档的日志组不能删
alter database drop logfile group 3;

4删除日志组中的某个成员，但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除
alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';

5清除在线日志
alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';

alter database clear logfile group 3;

6清除非归档日志
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;

7重命名日志文件
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file 6a .rdo';

show parameter db_create;

alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';

select * from v$log;

select * from v$logfile;

8数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换,要启动到mount状态下才能改变;startup mount;然后再打开数据库.
alter database noarchivelog/archivelog;

achive log start;---启动自动归档

alter system archive all;－－手工归档所有日志文件

select * from v$archived_log;

show parameter log_archive;

35分析日志文件logmnr  
 

1) 在init.ora中set utl_file_dir 参数

2) 重新启动oracle

3) create 目录文件

desc dbms_logmnr_d;

dbms_logmnr_d.build;

4) 加入日志文件 add/remove log file

dhms_logmnr.add_logfile

dbms_logmnr.removefile

5) start logmnr

dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr

6) 分析出来的内容查询 v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo

1实践：
 

desc dbms_logmnr_d;

2对数据表做一些操作，为恢复操作做准备
update 表 set qty=10 where stor_id=6380;

delete 表 where stor_id=7066;

/***********************************/

utl_file_dir的路径

execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('foxdict.ora','$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump');

execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.log',dbms_logmnr.newfile);

execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump/foxdict.ora');
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fan_xiao_ming/article/details/2431418