jackson如何根据另个属性来确定实例化具体实现类（基于spring-boot)

对于如果属性在抽象类中这个利用@JsonTypeInfo 和 @JsonSubTypes 很容易实现，如果这个属性与将要反序列化在同一层级，那个应该怎么做，将下面举个例子，基于spring-boot环境

• public interface Item{
    
  }
  public  class  Person{
    private Integer age;
    private Item item;
  }
  // age<7
  public ChildItem implement Item {
    private String read;
    private String sleep;
  }
  // 7< age < 50
  public AdultItem implement Item {
    private String work;
    private String playGame;
  }
  
  // age > 50
  public OldItem implement Item {
    private String walk;
    private String talk;
  }
  

• 上面定义Person对象，里面有item，具体实现类是通过age来决定jackson具体实例化那个类

• 此时使用@JsonTypeInfo 和 @JsonSubTypes不好处理，它针对是json中都相同属性，根据属性值判断，可惜这里属性都不相同？

解决方案

1、完全手动实现反序列化

• 如果实体不是很复杂这个还是可以接受，如果bean字段特别多，那么不好操作了

• 也就实现StdDeserializer的deserialize方法

• 示例代码（spring boot)下

• @JsonComponent
  public class ItemDeserializer extends StdDeserializer<Item> {
  
      protected ItemDeserializer() {
          super(Item.class);
      }
  
      @Override
      public Item deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
          ObjectMapper mapper = (ObjectMapper) p.getCodec();
          JsonNode itemNode = mapper.readTree(p);
          JsonNode read = itemNode.get("read");
          if (read != null && !read.asText().isEmpty()) {
            ChildItem childItem = new ChildItem();
            childItem.setRead(read.asText());
            childItem.setSleep(itemNode.get("sleep").asText());
            return childItem;
          }
          JsonNode work = itemNode.get("work");
          if (work != null && !work.asText().isEmpty()) {
            AdultItem adultItem = new AdultItem();
            adultItem.setWork(work.asText());
            adultItem.setPlayGame(itemNode.get("playGame").asText());
            return adultItem;
          }
         JsonNode work = itemNode.get("walk");
          if (walk != null && !walk.asText().isEmpty()) {
            OldItem oldItem = new OldItem();
            oldItem.setWalk(walk.asText());
            oldItem.setTalk(itemNode.get("talk").asText());
            return oldItem;
          }
         return null;
      }
  
  }
  

• 直接根据json字段判断需要实例化那个对象

• @JsonComponent，将该反序列注册到Jackson中

2、半手动实现反序列化

• 思路就是补上相同字段，让它标准化

• 重新序列化操作( 适合字段多的bean)

• @JsonComponent
  public class PersonDeserializer extends StdDeserializer<Person> {
  
      protected PersonDeserializer() {
          super(Person.class);
      }
  
      @Override
      public Person deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
          ObjectMapper mapper = (ObjectMapper) p.getCodec();
          JsonNode tree = mapper.readTree(p);
          JsonNode itemNode = tree.get("item");
          int age = itemNode.get("age").asInt();
          if (age<7) {
              ((ObjectNode) itemNode).put("type", "child");
          }else if(age < 50){
           ((ObjectNode) itemNode).put("type", "adult");
          }else{
           ((ObjectNode) itemNode).put("type", "old");
          }
          return new ObjectMapper().readValue(tree.toString(), Person.class);
      }
  
  }
  
  // 配置 @JsonTypeInfo注解
  public  class  Person{
    private Integer age;
     @JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY, property = "type")
      @JsonSubTypes({
              @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = ChildItem.class, name = "child"),
              @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = AdultItem.class, name = "adult"),
              @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = OldItem.class, name = "old"),
        
              })
    private Item item;
  }
  

• return new ObjectMapper().readValue(tree.toString(), Person.class); 这个一定要注意需要new ObjectMapper() , 如果使用原来的mapper会抛出No content to map due to end-of-input异常