apache服务器设置

apache下的原文件：

# This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ for detailed information about
# the directives and /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian about Debian specific
# hints.
#
#
# Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian:
# The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to
# upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's
# default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules,
# virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in
# order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as
# possible.

# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
# below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory:
#
#	/etc/apache2/
#	|-- apache2.conf
#	|	`--  ports.conf
#	|-- mods-enabled
#	|	|-- *.load
#	|	`-- *.conf
#	|-- conf-enabled
#	|	`-- *.conf
# 	`-- sites-enabled
#	 	`-- *.conf
#
#
# * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces
#   together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the
#   web server.
#
# * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is
#   supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be
#   customized anytime.
#
# * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/
#   directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules,
#   global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations,
#   respectively.
#
#   They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
#   respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
#   helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See
#   their respective man pages for detailed information.
#
# * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in
#   the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with
#   /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not
#   work with the default configuration.


# Global configuration
#

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# NOTE!  If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
# mounted filesystem then please read the Mutex documentation (available
# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#mutex>);
# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
#
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
#
#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"

#
# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
#Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default

#
# The directory where shm and other runtime files will be stored.
#

DefaultRuntimeDir ${APACHE_RUN_DIR}

#
# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}

#
# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300

#
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
#
KeepAlive On

#
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

#
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 5


# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}

#
# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the
# nameserver.
#
HostnameLookups Off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

#
# LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log.
# Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g.
# "LogLevel info ssl:warn"
#
LogLevel warn

# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf


# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
	
	AllowOverride All
	Order deny,allow

    Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
    Options FollowSymLinks
	AllowOverride All
	Order deny,allow

    Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>

	
	AllowOverride All
	Order deny,allow

    Require all granted
</Directory>

#<Directory /srv/>
#	Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#	AllowOverride None
#	Require all granted
#</Directory>




# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#
AccessFileName .htaccess

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
	Require all denied
</FilesMatch>


#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive.
#
# These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O
# (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the
# requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial
# requests.
#
# Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended.
# Use mod_remoteip instead.
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.

# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf

# Include the virtual host configurations:
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

这篇文章主要讲解几个常见问题：

如何打开目录

如何开启日志

如何限制ip

常用apache配置目录

一、常用的apache配置目录显示

Linux下Apache目录明细
默认目录是/var/www/html下。修改方法：
打开/etc/apache2/apache2.conf文件，找到下面这行
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
可以改成你想要的目录。
-----------------------------------------------------------
apache的默认重要配置信息如下：
配置文件：/etc/apache2/apache2.conf
服务器的根目录：/var/www/html
访问日志文件：/var/log/apache2/access_log
错误日志文件：/var/log/apache2/error_log
运行apache的用户：apache
运行apache的组：apache端口：80模块存放路径：/usr/lib/apache2/modules

二、打开apache目录

window下非常简单，在phpstudy下

phpstudy常规设置->显示目录即可

linux下则是：

Options FollowSymLinks 去掉就可以显示目录

<VirtualHost *:80>  
    DocumentRoot E:\wamp\www  
    ServerName www.local.com  
    ErrorLog "logs/local-error.log"  
    CustomLog "logs/local-access.log" common  
    <Directory E:\wamp\www>  
    Options FollowSymLinks  
    AllowOverride All  
    Order deny,allow  
    allow from all  
    </Directory>  
</VirtualHost>  

自定义索引（目录浏览）样式

上一步的 IndexOptions 选项可以自定义索引（目录浏览）样式，如下：
FancyIndexing 开启目录浏览修饰
HTMLTable 此选择与FancyIndexing一起构建一个简单的表来进行目录浏览修饰。
ScanHTMLTitles 搜索HTML标题
FoldersFirst 目录优先排在前面
NameWidth=85 表示文件名可以最多显示85个英文字符
DescriptionWidth=128 表示描述可以显示的字符数
IconWidth=16 Icon的宽度（像素）
IconHeight=16 Icon的高度（像素）
VersionSort 版本排序，如果没有此项，将按照拼音顺序排序
Charset=UTF-8 字符集

禁止显示Apache目录列表-Indexes FollowSymLinks
如何修改目录的配置以禁止显示 Apache 目录列表。
缺省情况下如果你在浏览器输入地址：

http://localhost:8080/
如果你的文件根目录里有 index.html，浏览器就会显示 index.html的内容，如果没有 index.html，浏览器就会显示文件根目录的目录列表，目录列表包括文件根目录下的文件和子目录。

同样你输入一个虚拟目录的地址：

http://localhost:8080/b/
如果该虚拟目录下没有 index.html，浏览器也会显示该虚拟目录的目录结构，列出该虚拟目录下的文件和子目录。

如何禁止 Apache 显示目录列表呢？

要禁止 Apache 显示目录结构列表，只需将 Option 中的 Indexes 去掉即可。

比如我们看看一个目录的目录配置：

<Directory "D:/Apa/blabla">
 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks #---------->Options FollowSymLinks
 AllowOverride None
 Order allow,deny
 Allow from all
</Directory>
你只需要将上面代码中的 Indexes 去掉，就可以禁止 Apache 显示该目录结构。用户就不会看到该目录下的文件和子目录列表了。

Indexes 的作用就是当该目录下没有 index.html 文件时，就显示目录结构，去掉 Indexes，Apache 就不会显示该目录的列表了。

第二种方法
解决办法：
        1、编辑httpd.conf文件
            vi ./conf/httpd.conf

   找到如下内容：
          ?BR>          <Directory “C:/Program Files/Apache2.2/htdocs”>
              #
              # Possible values for the Options directive are “None”, “All”,
              # or any combination of:
                 Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
              #
              # Note that “MultiViews” must be named *explicitly* — “Options All”
              # doesn’t give it to you.
              #
              # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
              # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
              # for more information.
              #
              Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

              #
              # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
              # It can be “All”, “None”, or any combination of the keywords:
              #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
              #
              AllowOverride None

              #
              # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
              #
              Order allow,deny
              Allow from all

          </Directory>
          ……

   在Options Indexes FollowSymLinks在Indexes前面加上 – 符号。
        即： Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
   【备注：在Indexes前，加 + 代表允许目录浏览；加 – 代表禁止目录浏览。】

    这样的话就属于整个Apache禁止目录浏览了。

    如果是在虚拟主机中，只要增加如下信息就行：
           <Directory “D:test”>
             Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
             AllowOverride None
             Order deny,allow
             Allow from all
         </Directory>
     这样的话就禁止在test工程下进行目录浏览。

备注： 切记莫把“Allow from all”改成 “Deny from all”，否则，整个网站都不能被打开。
   <Finished>

 还有一种方法：

可以在根目录的 .htaccess 文件中输入

<Files *>
Options -Indexes
</Files>
就可以阻止Apache 将目录结构列表出来。

三、开启日记记录

window下：

在E:\Website\PHPstudy\PHPTutorial\Apache\conf\httpd.conf下把注释去掉就行

linux：是自动开启的

四、限制ip

1.Allow指令

Allow指令的作用与其英文单词的含义一致，用于设置允许访问当前目录(及其子目录)或文件的用户范围。例如，Allow from all表示允许所有用户访问。下面，我们参考更多的例子，以帮助理解(Deny与Order用法一致)：

<Directory /web>
#只允许IP为123.10.10.2的用户访问/web目录
Allow from 123.10.10.2
</Directory>

<Directory /web>
#只允许IP以10.10开头的用户访问/web目录
Allow from 10.10
</Directory>

<Directory /web>
#只允许域名为365mini.com的用户访问
Allow from 365mini.com
</Directory>

2.Deny指令

同样的，Deny指令的作用就是「Deny(拒绝)」，用于设置拒绝访问当前目录或文件的用户范围。例如，Deny from all表示拒绝所有用户访问。

3.Order指令

在Apache的配置文件中，Order指令用于控制Allow指令和Deny指令的生效顺序。例如，Order Allow,Deny表示当前配置段中的Allow指令先生效，Deny指令后生效。

在Apache中，Allow指令和Deny指令在同一配置段中都可以有多条。不过，对于Allow和Deny指令而言，如果先生效的指令与后生效的指令的作用范围存在冲突，则起冲突的作用范围部分以后生效的指令为准。

下面，我们同样参考几个具体的例子以帮助大家理解：

<Directory /web>
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
Deny from 112.2.10.2
#先允许所有用户访问，再拒绝112.2.10.2
#总结：允许除IP为112.2.10.2外的所有用户访问
</Directory>

<Directory /web>
Order Allow,Deny
Deny from 112.2.10.2
Allow from all
#先允许所有用户访问，再拒绝112.2.10.2
#总结：允许除IP为112.2.10.2外的所有用户访问
#(即使Deny指令在Allow指令之前，但是根据Order Allow,Deny语句，仍然先看Allow，再看Deny)
</Directory>

<Directory /web>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from 112.2.10.2
Allow from all
Deny from 123.10.10.1
#先拒绝112.2.10.2访问
#再拒绝123.10.10.1访问
#最后允许所有用户访问
#总结：允许所有用户访问
#(即使Allow指令在Deny指令前，但是根据Order Deny,Allow语句，仍然先看Deny，再看Allow)
</Directory>

最后提示：

有时候无法登陆或许是权限的原因

chmod 777 -R /var/www

u 代表所有者（user） 
g 代表所有者所在的组群（group） 
o 代表其他人，但不是u和g （other） 
a 代表全部的人，也就是包括u，g和o 
r 表示文件可以被读（read） 
w 表示文件可以被写（write） 
x 表示文件可以被执行（如果它是程序的话）

其中：rwx也可以用数字来代替

r ————4 
w ———–2 
x ————1 
- ————0

行动：


” “表示添加权限 
- 表示删除权限 
= 表示使之成为唯一的权限

当大家都明白了上面的东西之后，那么我们常见的以下的一些权限就很容易都明白了：

-rw——- (600) 只有所有者才有读和写的权限 
-rw-r–r– (644) 只有所有者才有读和写的权限，组群和其他人只有读的权限 
-rwx—— (700) 只有所有者才有读，写，执行的权限 
-rwxr-xr-x (755) 只有所有者才有读，写，执行的权限，组群和其他人只有读和执行的权限 
-rwx–x–x (711) 只有所有者才有读，写，执行的权限，组群和其他人只有执行的权限 
-rw-rw-rw- (666) 每个人都有读写的权限 
-rwxrwxrwx (777) 每个人都有读写和执行的权限