1.Uri
通用资源标志符(Universal Resource Identifier, 简称"URI")。
Uri代表要操作的数据,Android上可用的每种资源 - 图像、视频片段等都可以用Uri来表示。
URI一般由三部分组成:
,URI主要分三个部分:scheme, authority and path。其中authority又分为host和port。格式如下:
scheme://host:port/path
举个实际的例子:
content://com.example.project:200/folder/subfolder/etc
\---------/ \---------------------------/ \---/ \--------------------------/
scheme host port path
\--------------------------------/
authority
现在大家应该知道data flag中那些属性的含义了吧,看下data flag
<data android:host="string"
android:mimeType="string"
android:path="string"
android:pathPattern="string"
android:pathPrefix="string"
android:port="string"
android:scheme="string" />
但是我们在程序中一般是不直接用URI来标识CP的,是的,正如我们通常见到的用定义的常量来标识。例如standard CP中的Contacts,我们就用Contacts.People.CONTENT_URI来标识Contacts CP中People这个表。那么要标识某个具体的人怎么办呢? 这就用到了ContentUris.withAppendedId() 和 Uri.withAppendedPath()。例如我们要表示content://contacts/people/20,那么我们就可以用如下语句:
Uri uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, 20); 或者
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(People.CONTENT_URI, "20");
访问资源的命名机制。
存放资源的主机名。
资源自身的名称,由路径表示。
Android的Uri由以下三部分组成: "content://"、数据的路径、标示ID(可选)
举些例子,如:
所有联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people
某个联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people/5
所有图片Uri: content://media/external
某个图片的Uri:content://media/external/images/media/4
我们很经常需要解析Uri,并从Uri中获取数据。
Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类,分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris 。
虽然这两类不是非常重要,但是掌握它们的使用,会便于我们的开发工作。
下面就一起看一下这两个类的作用。
2.UriMatcher
UriMatcher 类主要用于匹配Uri.
使用方法如下。
首先第一步,初始化:
- UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
- UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
第二步注册需要的Uri:
- matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "people", PEOPLE);
- matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "person/#", PEOPLE_ID);
- matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "people", PEOPLE);
- matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "person/#", PEOPLE_ID);
第三部,与已经注册的Uri进行匹配:
- Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://" + "com.yfz.Lesson" + "/people");
- int match = matcher.match(uri);
- switch (match)
- {
- case PEOPLE:
- return "vnd.Android.cursor.dir/people";
- case PEOPLE_ID:
- return "vnd.android.cursor.item/people";
- default:
- return null;
- }
- Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://" + "com.yfz.Lesson" + "/people");
- int match = matcher.match(uri);
- switch (match)
- {
- case PEOPLE:
- return "vnd.Android.cursor.dir/people";
- case PEOPLE_ID:
- return "vnd.Android.cursor.item/people";
- default:
- return null;
- }
match方法匹配后会返回一个匹配码Code,即在使用注册方法addURI时传入的第三个参数。
上述方法会返回"vnd.Android.cursor.dir/person".
总结:
--常量 UriMatcher.NO_MATCH 表示不匹配任何路径的返回码
--# 号为通配符
--* 号为任意字符
另外说一下,官方SDK说明中关于Uri的注册是这样写的:
- private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher();
- static
- {
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people", PEOPLE);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#", PEOPLE_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones", PEOPLE_PHONES);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones/#", PEOPLE_PHONES_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods/#", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/deleted_people", DELETED_PEOPLE);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones", PHONES);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/filter/*", PHONES_FILTER);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/#", PHONES_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods", CONTACTMETHODS);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods/#", CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls", CALLS);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/filter/*", CALLS_FILTER);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/#", CALLS_ID);
- }
- private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher();
- static
- {
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people", PEOPLE);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#", PEOPLE_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones", PEOPLE_PHONES);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones/#", PEOPLE_PHONES_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods/#", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/deleted_people", DELETED_PEOPLE);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones", PHONES);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/filter/*", PHONES_FILTER);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/#", PHONES_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods", CONTACTMETHODS);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods/#", CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls", CALLS);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/filter/*", CALLS_FILTER);
- sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/#", CALLS_ID);
- }
这个说明估计已经是Google官方没有更新,首先是初始化方法,没有传参,那么现在初始化时,实际是必须传参的。 可以看一下Android2.2的源码,无参数的构造方法已经是private的了。
另外就是addURI这个方法,第二个参数开始时不需要"/", 否则是无法匹配成功的。
3.ContentUris
ContentUris 类用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分
1)为路径加上ID: withAppendedId(uri, id)
比如有这样一个Uri
- Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people")
- Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people")
通过withAppendedId方法,为该Uri加上ID
- Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);
- Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);
最后resultUri为: content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10
2)从路径中获取ID: parseId(uri)
- Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10")
- long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
- Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10")
- long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
最后personid 为 :10
附上实验的代码:
- package com.yfz;
- import com.yfz.log.Logger;
- import Android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.ContentUris;
- import android.content.UriMatcher;
- import android.net.Uri;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- public class Lesson_14 extends Activity {
- private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.yfz.Lesson";
- private static final int PEOPLE = 1;
- private static final int PEOPLE_ID = 2;
- //NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码
- private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
- static
- {
- sURIMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "people", PEOPLE);
- //这里的#代表匹配任意数字,另外还可以用*来匹配任意文本
- sURIMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "people/#", PEOPLE_ID);
- }
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- Logger.d("------ Start Activity !!! ------");
- Uri uri1 = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/people");
- Logger.e("Uri:" + uri1);
- Logger.d("Match 1" + getType(uri1));
- Uri uri2 = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/people" + "/2");
- Logger.e("Uri:" + uri2);
- Logger.d("Match 2" + getType(uri2));
- //拼接Uri
- Uri cUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri1, 15);
- Logger.e("Uri:" + cUri);
- //获取ID
- long id = ContentUris.parseId(cUri);
- Logger.d("Uri ID: " + id);
- }
- private String getType(Uri uri) {
- int match = sURIMatcher.match(uri);
- switch (match)
- {
- case PEOPLE:
- return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";
- case PEOPLE_ID:
- return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";
- default:
- return null; } } }