ElasticSearch25：初识搜索引擎_快速掌握query string search语法以及_all metadata原理揭秘

1.query string search语法

就是将请求的条件加到string的后面，同时也需要掌握+-的原理

搜索test_field中包含hangzhou的数据

GET /test_index/test_type/_search?q=test_field:hangzhou

{
  "took": 9,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.9808292,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.9808292,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "hangzhou"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

搜索test_field中必须包含hangzhou的数据

GET /test_index/test_type/_search?q=+test_field:hangzhou

{
  "took": 9,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.9808292,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.9808292,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "hangzhou"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

搜索test_field必须不包含hangzhou的数据

GET /test_index/test_type/_search?q=-test_field:hangzhou

{
  "took": 17,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 11,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "5",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "taizhou"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "8",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "jiaxing"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "9",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "zhoushan"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "10",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "lishui"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "12",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "jinhua"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "ningbo"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "quzhou"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "zhejiang"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "huzhou"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "test_index",
        "_type": "test_type",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test_field": "wenzhou"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

2._all metadata的原理及作用

搜索所有的field，任意一个field包含关键词，就可以搜索出来

GET /test_index/test_type/_search?q=hangzhou

我们在进行搜索 时候，难道是对document中的每一个field都进行一次搜索吗？

不是的。es的_all元数据，在建立索引的时候，我们插入一个document，它里面包含了多各field，此时，es会自动将多个field的值，全部用字符串的方式串连起来，变成一个长的字符串，作为_all field的值，同时建立索引。

后面如果在搜索的时候，没有对某个field指定搜索，就默认搜索_all field ，其中是包含了所有field的值。

例如

{

"name":"jack",

"age":26,

"email":"jack@mail.com",

"address":"zhejiang"

}

那么插入这条数据的时候，es会向_all中插入jack 26 jack@mail.com zhejiang，同时分词后建立倒排索引

以上就是_all metadata的作用