juc–8锁现象、不安全集合与map类
8锁现象
package com.zy.lock8;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁:就是关于锁的8个问题
* 1.标准情况下,两个线程先打印发短信还是打电话? 发短信>打电话
* 2.sendMsn延迟4秒,两个线程先打印发短信还是打电话? 发短信>打电话
* @program: JucPro
* @author: zy
* @create: 2023-04-18 20:57
*/
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Phone phone = new Phone();
new Thread(()->{phone.sendMsn();},"A").start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
new Thread(()->{phone.call();},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone{
/*
1.synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者,两个方法用的是同一把锁,谁先拿到谁先执行;
*/
public synchronized void sendMsn(){
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
}
package com.zy.lock8;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁:就是关于锁的8个问题
* 3.增加了一个普通方法,先执行发短信还是hello? hello>发短信
* 4.增加了一个对象,先执行发短信还是打电话? 打电话>发短信
* @program: JucPro
* @author: zy
* @create: 2023-04-18 20:57
*/
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// 两个对象,两个调用者,两把锁
Phone2 phone1 = new Phone2();
Phone2 phone2 = new Phone2();
new Thread(()->{phone1.sendMsn();},"A").start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
new Thread(()->{phone2.call();},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone2{
public synchronized void sendMsn(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
// 这里没有锁,不是同步方法,不受锁的影响
public void hello(){
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
package com.zy.lock8;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁:就是关于锁的8个问题
* 5.增加两个静态同步方法,只有一个对象,先执行打电话还是发短信? 发短信>打电话
* 6.两个对象,两个静态同步方法,先执行打电话还是发短信? 发短信>打电话
* @program: JucPro
* @author: zy
* @create: 2023-04-18 21:16
*/
public class Demo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// 两个对象的Class类模板只有一个,static锁的是Class
Phone3 phone3 = new Phone3();
Phone3 phone4 = new Phone3();
new Thread(()->{Phone3.sendMsn();},"A").start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
new Thread(()->{Phone3.call();},"B").start();
}
}
// 唯一的Class对象
class Phone3{
// static 静态方法,类一加载就有了,Class模板,锁的是Class模板
public static synchronized void sendMsn(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
public static synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
}
package com.zy.lock8;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 8锁:就是关于锁的8个问题
* 7.一个静态同步方法,一个普通同步方法,一个对象,先执行打电话还是发短信? 打电话>发短信
* 8.一个静态同步方法,一个普通同步方法,两个对象,先执行打电话还是发短信? 打电话>发短信
* @program: JucPro
* @author: zy
* @create: 2023-04-18 21:24
*/
public class Demo04 {
/*
new this 具体的一个手机;
static Class 唯一的一个模板;
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Phone4 phone = new Phone4();
Phone4 phone2 = new Phone4();
new Thread(()->{Phone4.sendMsn();},"A").start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
new Thread(()->{phone2.call();},"B").start();
}
}
// 唯一的Class对象
class Phone4 {
// 静态同步方法:锁的是Class类模板
public static synchronized void sendMsn(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("发短信");
}
// 普通同步方法:锁的是方法调用者对象
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println("打电话");
}
}
多线程下不安全List类
package com.zy.unsafe;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
/**
* 不安全集合类
* @program: JucPro
* @author: zy
* @create: 2023-04-18 21:32
*/
public class UnsafeList {
/*
java.util.ConcurrentModificationException:并发修改异常!
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3");
list.forEach(System.out::println);
// 并发下,ArrayList 不安全
/*
解决方案:
1. Vector:List<String> list1 = new Vector<>();
2. Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
3. juc:List<String> list1 = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
CopyOnWrite:写入时复制,COW,计算机程序设计领域的一种优化策略;
多个线程调用时,list,读取时固定,写入时复制写入保证唯一性
写入时避免覆盖,造成数据不一致
CopyOnWriteArrayList 比较 Vector:
vector底层上的add方法附加了synchronized关键字
CopyOnWriteArrayList底层上的add方法中用了lock可重入锁
*/
//List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
//List<String> list1 = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
List<String> list1 = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
//List<String> list1 = new Vector<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list1.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
System.out.println(list1);
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
不安全Set类
package com.zy.unsafe;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
/**
* 不安全Set类
* @program: JucPro
* @author: zy
* @create: 2023-04-18 22:03
*/
public class UnsafeSet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 并发下,Set 不安全
/*
public HashSet() {
map = new HashMap<>();
}
public boolean add(E e) {
return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
}
private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();常量不可变
Set本质就是map key是无法重复的!
解决方案:
1. Set<String> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
2. juc:Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
*/
//Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
//Set<String> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 30; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
System.out.println(set);
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
不安全Map
package com.zy.unsafe;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* 不安全Map
* @program: JucPro
* @author: zy
* @create: 2023-04-18 22:14
*/
public class UnsafeMap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 加载因子,初始化容量
// map是这样用的吗?不是,工作中不用HashMap
// 默认等价于什么?new HashMap<String, String>(16,0.75f);
//Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
/*
解决方案:
1. Map<String, String> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());
2. juc:Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
*/
//Map<String, String> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());
Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 30; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
map.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
System.out.println(map);
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}