实现目标
- 多个客户端互斥获得锁
- 避免死锁
- 解锁需要加锁的客户端
实现思路
以一个redis key作为锁,多个客户端并发竞争此锁。如果key不在redis中或已经过期,执行set if not exist尝试向redis插入key为键,能标识客户端的值为value(可以随机生成,后续解锁使用)的数据,并设置过期时间防止死锁,这一操作代表此客户端获得了锁。完成业务逻辑后删除key作为释放锁;如果执行set if not exist返回失败,则表示已有客户端获得了锁。
java代码实例
redis客户端采用jedis。释放锁的代码使用了lua脚本保证释放锁的过程具备原子性。
main()方法开启大量线程模拟客户端请求,请求的最终目标当然是希望能获得锁,因此使用一个变量testSuccessCnt记录成功获得锁的线程数量。测试结果与期望一致。
@Slf4j
public class RedisTool {
private static final String LOCK_SUCCESS = "OK";
private static final String SET_IF_NOT_EXIST = "NX";
private static final String SET_WITH_EXPIRE_TIME = "PX";
private static final Long RELEASE_SUCCESS = 1L;
private static AtomicInteger testSuccessCnt = new AtomicInteger(0);
/**
* 尝试获取分布式锁
* @param jedis Redis客户端
* @param lockKey 锁
* @param requestId 请求标识
* @param expireTime 超期时间
* @return 是否获取成功
*/
public static boolean tryGetDistributedLock(Jedis jedis, String lockKey, String requestId, int expireTime) {
String result = jedis.set(lockKey, requestId, SET_IF_NOT_EXIST, SET_WITH_EXPIRE_TIME, expireTime);
return LOCK_SUCCESS.equals(result);
}
/**
* 释放分布式锁
* @param jedis Redis客户端
* @param lockKey 锁
* @param requestId 请求标识
* @return 是否释放成功
*/
public static boolean releaseDistributedLock(Jedis jedis, String lockKey, String requestId) {
String script = "if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then return redis.call('del', KEYS[1]) else return 0 end";
Object result = jedis.eval(script, Collections.singletonList(lockKey), Collections.singletonList(requestId));
return RELEASE_SUCCESS.equals(result);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
doRequest();
}
log.info("test acquire distribute lock success count is {}", testSuccessCnt);
}
private static void doRequest() {
final Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost", 6379);
final String key = "distributeKey";
final String requestId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
final int expiredTime = 1;
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
boolean success = tryGetDistributedLock(jedis, key, requestId, expiredTime);
log.info("客户端{}获取分布式锁结果{}", requestId, success);
if (success) {
// 模拟执行任务若干秒
try {
Thread.currentThread().sleep(Math.abs(new Random(100).nextInt(10)));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("线程被中断");
e.printStackTrace();
}
testSuccessCnt.addAndGet(1);
log.info(">>>>>" + testSuccessCnt.toString());
boolean release = releaseDistributedLock(jedis, key, requestId);
log.info("客户端{}释放分布式锁结果{}", requestId, release);
} else {
run();
}
}
}.start();
}
}