基础框架 SpringMVC请求参数绑定

基础框架 SpringMVC请求参数绑定

一、绑定机制

1. 表单提交的数据都是k=v格式的 username=haha&password=123
2. SpringMVC的参数绑定过程是把表单提交的请求参数,作为控制器中方法的参数进行绑定的
3. 要求:提交表单的name和参数的名称是相同的

二、支持数据类型

1. 基本数据类型和字符串类型
2. 实体类型(JavaBean)
3. 集合数据类型(List、map集合等)

三、基本数据类型和字符串类型

1. 提交表单的name和参数的名称是相同的
2. 区分大小写

四、实体类型(JavaBean)

1. 提交表单的name和JavaBean中的属性名称需要一致
2. 如果一个JavaBean类中包含其他的引用类型,那么表单的name属性需要编写成:
	对象.属性 例如:	address.name

五、集合类型(list,map)

1. JSP页面编写方式:list[0].属性

六、自定义类型转换器

Springmvc本身已经做了很多类型转换器,因为所有传过来的参数都是字符串类型,所有常用的都已经转换,包括日期类型,但是日期类型只支持“yyyy/MM/DD”,不支持“yyyy-MM-DD”类型,所以这种情况以及其他没有转换的特殊情况可以自定义类型转换器。

七、案例验证

  1. 目录结构
    在这里插入图片描述

  2. 引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.hello</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc_demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>springmvc_demo Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>springmvc_day01_01_start</finalName>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.7.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.20.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

  1. 定义web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

    <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--配置前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

  1. 定义springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hello"/>

    <!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置自定义类型转换器-->
    <bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
        <property name="converters">
            <set>
                <bean class="com.hello.convert.StringToDateConverter"/>
            </set>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>
    <!--<mvc:annotation-driven/>-->

</beans>
  1. 创建Controller,实体类,转换器等对象
/**
 * @author zrj
 * @date 2021/1/1
 * @since V1.0
 **/
public class Account implements Serializable {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Double money;
    /**
     * 引用类型
     */
    private User user;

    private List<User> list;
    private Map<String, User> map;

    public Account() {
    }

    public Account(String username, String password, Double money, User user, List<User> list, Map<String, User> map) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.money = money;
        this.user = user;
        this.list = list;
        this.map = map;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Double getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(Double money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public List<User> getList() {
        return list;
    }

    public void setList(List<User> list) {
        this.list = list;
    }

    public Map<String, User> getMap() {
        return map;
    }

    public void setMap(Map<String, User> map) {
        this.map = map;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", money=" + money +
                ", user=" + user +
                ", list=" + list +
                ", map=" + map +
                '}';
    }
}

/**
 * @author zrj
 * @date 2021/1/1
 * @since V1.0
 **/
public class User implements Serializable{

    private String uname;
    private Integer age;

    private Date date;

    public String getUname() {
        return uname;
    }

    public void setUname(String uname) {
        this.uname = uname;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getDate() {
        return date;
    }

    public void setDate(Date date) {
        this.date = date;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "uname='" + uname + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", date=" + date +
                '}';
    }
}


/**
 * 转换器
 * 字符串转日期类型yyyy-MM-dd
 *
 * @author zrj
 * @date 2021/1/1
 * @since V1.0
 **/
public class StringToDateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
    @Override
    public Date convert(String source) {
        // 判断
        if (source == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException( "请您传入数据" );
        }
        // 格式化字符串
        DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd" );

        try {
            // 把字符串转换日期
            return df.parse( source );
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException( "数据类型转换出现错误" );
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 请求参数绑定
 *
 * @author zrj
 * @date 2021/1/1
 * @since V1.0
 **/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/param")
public class ParamController {

    /**
     * 请求参数绑定测试
     * 绑定字符串
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/requestParamTest")
    public String requestParamTesst(String username, String password) {
        System.out.println( "请求参数绑定测试-绑定字符串" );
        System.out.println( "用户名:" + username + ",密码:" + password );
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 请求参数绑定测试
     * 绑定bean对象
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/requestBeanTest")
    public String requestBeanTest(Account account) {
        System.out.println( "请求参数绑定测试-绑定bean对象" );
        System.out.println( "请求参数:" + account );
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 自定义类型转换器
     * data日期类型支持格式:2020/01/09,不支持格式:2020-01-09
     * 所以需要自定义类型转换器
     *
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/saveUser")
    public String saveUser(User user) {
        System.out.println( "自定义类型转换器执行了..." );
        System.out.println( "请求参数:" + user );
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 原生的API
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testServlet")
    public String testServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        System.out.println( "原生的API执行了..." );
        System.out.println( request );

        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        System.out.println( session );

        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        System.out.println( servletContext );

        System.out.println( response );
        return "success";
    }

}
  1. 创建页面jsp
    param.jsp
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: zrj
  Date: 2021/1/1
  Time: 14:56
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>请求参数绑定测试</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%-- 请求参数绑定测试-绑定字符串 --%>
    <span>请求参数绑定测试-绑定字符串</span><br/>
    <a href="param/requestParamTest?username=hello&password=123">请求参数绑定</a><br/>

    <%-- 请求参数绑定测试-绑定bean对象 --%>
    <span>请求参数绑定测试-绑定bean对象</span>
    <form action="param/requestBeanTest" method="post">
        姓名:<input type="text" name="username" /><br/>
        密码:<input type="text" name="password" /><br/>
        金额:<input type="text" name="money" /><br/>
        用户姓名:<input type="text" name="user.uname"/><br/>
        用户年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age"/><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" /><br/>
    </form>

    <%--把数据封装Account类中,类中存在list和map的集合 --%>
    <span>请求参数绑定测试-绑定类中存在list和map的集合</span>
    <form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">
        姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
        密码:<input type="text" name="password"/><br/>
        金额:<input type="text" name="money"/><br/>

        list用户姓名:<input type="text" name="list[0].uname"/><br/>
        list用户年龄:<input type="text" name="list[0].age"/><br/>

        map用户姓名:<input type="text" name="map['one'].uname"/><br/>
        map用户年龄:<input type="text" name="map['one'].age"/><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
    </form>

    <%--自定义类型转换器 --%>
    <span>请求参数绑定测试-自定义类型转换器</span>
    <form action="param/saveUser" method="post">
        用户姓名:<input type="text" name="uname" /><br/>
        用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
        用户生日:<input type="text" name="date" /><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" /><br/>
    </form>

    <span>请求参数绑定测试-Servlet原生的API</span>
    <a href="param/testServlet">Servlet原生的API</a>

</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述

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