基础框架 SpringMVC请求参数绑定
一、绑定机制
1. 表单提交的数据都是k=v格式的 username=haha&password=123
2. SpringMVC的参数绑定过程是把表单提交的请求参数,作为控制器中方法的参数进行绑定的
3. 要求:提交表单的name和参数的名称是相同的
二、支持数据类型
1. 基本数据类型和字符串类型
2. 实体类型(JavaBean)
3. 集合数据类型(List、map集合等)
三、基本数据类型和字符串类型
1. 提交表单的name和参数的名称是相同的
2. 区分大小写
四、实体类型(JavaBean)
1. 提交表单的name和JavaBean中的属性名称需要一致
2. 如果一个JavaBean类中包含其他的引用类型,那么表单的name属性需要编写成:
对象.属性 例如: address.name
五、集合类型(list,map)
1. JSP页面编写方式:list[0].属性
六、自定义类型转换器
Springmvc本身已经做了很多类型转换器,因为所有传过来的参数都是字符串类型,所有常用的都已经转换,包括日期类型,但是日期类型只支持“yyyy/MM/DD”,不支持“yyyy-MM-DD”类型,所以这种情况以及其他没有转换的特殊情况可以自定义类型转换器。
七、案例验证
-
目录结构
-
引入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.hello</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc_demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springmvc_demo Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springmvc_day01_01_start</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
- 定义web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--配置前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
- 定义springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.hello"/>
<!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置自定义类型转换器-->
<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
<set>
<bean class="com.hello.convert.StringToDateConverter"/>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>
<!--<mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
</beans>
- 创建Controller,实体类,转换器等对象
/**
* @author zrj
* @date 2021/1/1
* @since V1.0
**/
public class Account implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
private Double money;
/**
* 引用类型
*/
private User user;
private List<User> list;
private Map<String, User> map;
public Account() {
}
public Account(String username, String password, Double money, User user, List<User> list, Map<String, User> map) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.money = money;
this.user = user;
this.list = list;
this.map = map;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Double getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Double money) {
this.money = money;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public List<User> getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List<User> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public Map<String, User> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, User> map) {
this.map = map;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
", user=" + user +
", list=" + list +
", map=" + map +
'}';
}
}
/**
* @author zrj
* @date 2021/1/1
* @since V1.0
**/
public class User implements Serializable{
private String uname;
private Integer age;
private Date date;
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Date getDate() {
return date;
}
public void setDate(Date date) {
this.date = date;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"uname='" + uname + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", date=" + date +
'}';
}
}
/**
* 转换器
* 字符串转日期类型yyyy-MM-dd
*
* @author zrj
* @date 2021/1/1
* @since V1.0
**/
public class StringToDateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
@Override
public Date convert(String source) {
// 判断
if (source == null) {
throw new RuntimeException( "请您传入数据" );
}
// 格式化字符串
DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd" );
try {
// 把字符串转换日期
return df.parse( source );
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException( "数据类型转换出现错误" );
}
}
}
/**
* 请求参数绑定
*
* @author zrj
* @date 2021/1/1
* @since V1.0
**/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/param")
public class ParamController {
/**
* 请求参数绑定测试
* 绑定字符串
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/requestParamTest")
public String requestParamTesst(String username, String password) {
System.out.println( "请求参数绑定测试-绑定字符串" );
System.out.println( "用户名:" + username + ",密码:" + password );
return "success";
}
/**
* 请求参数绑定测试
* 绑定bean对象
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/requestBeanTest")
public String requestBeanTest(Account account) {
System.out.println( "请求参数绑定测试-绑定bean对象" );
System.out.println( "请求参数:" + account );
return "success";
}
/**
* 自定义类型转换器
* data日期类型支持格式:2020/01/09,不支持格式:2020-01-09
* 所以需要自定义类型转换器
*
* @param user
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/saveUser")
public String saveUser(User user) {
System.out.println( "自定义类型转换器执行了..." );
System.out.println( "请求参数:" + user );
return "success";
}
/**
* 原生的API
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testServlet")
public String testServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
System.out.println( "原生的API执行了..." );
System.out.println( request );
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println( session );
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
System.out.println( servletContext );
System.out.println( response );
return "success";
}
}
- 创建页面jsp
param.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: zrj
Date: 2021/1/1
Time: 14:56
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>请求参数绑定测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<%-- 请求参数绑定测试-绑定字符串 --%>
<span>请求参数绑定测试-绑定字符串</span><br/>
<a href="param/requestParamTest?username=hello&password=123">请求参数绑定</a><br/>
<%-- 请求参数绑定测试-绑定bean对象 --%>
<span>请求参数绑定测试-绑定bean对象</span>
<form action="param/requestBeanTest" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="username" /><br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="password" /><br/>
金额:<input type="text" name="money" /><br/>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="user.uname"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交" /><br/>
</form>
<%--把数据封装Account类中,类中存在list和map的集合 --%>
<span>请求参数绑定测试-绑定类中存在list和map的集合</span>
<form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="password"/><br/>
金额:<input type="text" name="money"/><br/>
list用户姓名:<input type="text" name="list[0].uname"/><br/>
list用户年龄:<input type="text" name="list[0].age"/><br/>
map用户姓名:<input type="text" name="map['one'].uname"/><br/>
map用户年龄:<input type="text" name="map['one'].age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
</form>
<%--自定义类型转换器 --%>
<span>请求参数绑定测试-自定义类型转换器</span>
<form action="param/saveUser" method="post">
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="uname" /><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
用户生日:<input type="text" name="date" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交" /><br/>
</form>
<span>请求参数绑定测试-Servlet原生的API</span>
<a href="param/testServlet">Servlet原生的API</a>
</body>
</html>