只有超级用户才能通过管理网站输入数据,因此需要使用Django的表单创建工具创建使用户输入数据的页面。
1、添加新主题(需导入包含表单的模块forms.py)
用户添加主题的表单:(用户输入并提交信息的页面统称表单,用户输入信息时需要进行验证,通过后再处理)
创建表单(使用ModelForm)文件/learning_log/learning_logs/forms.py
from django import forms
from .models import Topic
class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
#告诉Django根据哪个模型创建表单,以及在表单中包含哪些字段
class Meta:
model = Topic
fields = {'text'}
#让Django不要为字段text生成标签
labels = {'text':''}
URL模式new_topic
修改/learning_log/learning_logs/urls.py
"""定义learning_logs的URL模式"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
app_name = 'learning_logs'
urlpatterns = [
# 主页
url(r'^$', views.index, name = 'index'),
#显示所有主题
url(r'^topics/$', views.topics, name = 'topics'),
#显示特定主题
url(r'^topics/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.topic, name = 'topic'),
#添加新主题网页
url(r'^new_topic/$', views.new_topic, name = 'new_topic'),
]
添加视图函数new_topic()
修改/learning_log/learning_logs/views.py,函数new_topic()需要处理两种情形:刚进入new_topic网页时应显示一个空表单;对提交的表单数据进行处理,并将用户重定向至网页topics。
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Topic
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
#from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.urls import reverse
from .forms import TopicForm
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
"""学习笔记的主页"""
return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')
def topics(request):
"""显示所有主题"""
topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
context = {'topics':topics}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)
def topic(request, topic_id):
"""显示单个主题和所有相关条目"""
topic = Topic.objects.get(id = topic_id)
entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)
def new_topic(request):
"""添加新主题"""
if request.method != 'POST':
#未提交数据:创建一个新表单
form = TopicForm()
else:
#POST提交的数据,对数据进行处理
form = TopicForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))
context = {'form': form}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)
用户提交后使用HttpResponseRedirect类将用户重定向至网页topics;函数reverse()根据指定的URL模型确定URL。
创建模板/learning_log/learning_logs/templates/learning_logs/new_topic.html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>Add a new topic:</p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}" method='post'>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button name="submit">add topic</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}
{% csrf_token %}防止攻击者利用表单获取对服务器未经授权的访问-跨站请求伪造;
{{ form.as_p }}显示表单;
链接到页面new_topic
修改/learning_log/learning_logs/templates/learning_logs/topics.html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>Topics</p>
<!-->创建无序列表</-->
<ul>
{% for topic in topics %}
<li><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{topic}}</li>
{% empty %}
<li>No topics have been added yet.</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}">Add a new topic:</a>
{% endblock content %}
2、添加新条目(与上面相似)
用于添加新条目的表单
修改/learning_log/learning_logs/forms.py,创建一个与模型Entry相关联的表单
from django import forms
from .models import Topic, Entry
class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
#告诉Django根据哪个模型创建表单,以及在表单中包含哪些字段
class Meta:
model = Topic
fields = {'text'}
#让Django不要为字段text生成标签
labels = {'text':''}
class EntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Entry
fields = ['text']
labels = {'text':''}
#定义属性widgets(HTML表单元素),将文本区域默认宽度40列更改为80列
widgets = {'text': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols':80})}
URL模式new_entry
修改/learning_log/learning_logs/urls.py
"""定义learning_logs的URL模式"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
app_name = 'learning_logs'
urlpatterns = [
# 主页
url(r'^$', views.index, name = 'index'),
#显示所有主题
url(r'^topics/$', views.topics, name = 'topics'),
#显示特定主题
url(r'^topics/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.topic, name = 'topic'),
#添加新主题网页
url(r'^new_topic/$', views.new_topic, name = 'new_topic'),
#添加新条目页面
url(r'^new_entry/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.new_entry, name = 'new_entry'),
]
视图函数new_entry()
修改/learning_log/learning_logs/views.py
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm
...
...
def new_entry(request, topic_id):
"""在特定主题中添加新项目"""
topic = Topic.objects.get(id = topic_id)
if request.method != 'POST':
#未提交数据,创建一个新表单
form = EntryForm()
else:
#对POST提交的数据进行处理
form = EntryForm(data = request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
new_entry = form.save(commit = False)
new_entry.topic = topic
new_entry.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic', args = [topic_id]))
context = {'topic':topic, 'form':form}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_entry.html', context)
创建模板/learning_log/learning_logs/templates/learning_logs/new_entry.html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{topic}}</a></p>
<p>Add a new entry:</p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}" method='post'>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button name="submit">add entry</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}
链接到new_entry
修改/learning_log/learning_logs/templates/learning_logs/topic.html
{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<p>Topic:{{topic}}</p>
<p>Entries:</p>
<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">add new entry</a></p>
<ul>
{% for entry in entries %}
<li>
<p>{{entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i'}}</p>
<p>{{entry.text|linebreaks}}</p>
</li>
{% empty %}
<li>There are no entries for this topic yet.</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock content %}