Shell中的while和until循环

---

shell脚本编程系列

---

while循环

while test command
do 
    other commands
done

只要test命令退出状态码为0，就循环执行一组命令。如果test命令返回非0退出状态码，while命令就会停止执行循环

#!/bin/bash
# while command test

var1=10
while [ $var1 -gt 0 ]
do
   echo $var1
   var1=$[ $var1 - 1 ]
done

允许使用多个测试命令，但是只有最后一个测试命令的退出状态码会用于决定是否结束循环

#!/bin/bash
# testing a multicommand while loop

var1=10

while echo $var1
      [ $var1 -ge 0 ]
do
   echo "This is inside the loop"
   var1=$[ $var1 - 1 ]
done

until循环

until test commands
do
     other commands
done

与while命令工作的方式完全相反，until命令要求指定一个返回非0退出状态码的测试命令。只要测试命令的退出状态码不为0，bash shell就会执行循环中列出的命令。一旦测试命令返回了退出状态码0，循环就结束了。

#!/bin/bash
# using the until command

var1=100

until [ $var1 -eq 0 ]
do
   echo $var1
   var1=$[ $var1 - 25 ]
done

与while命令类似，until命令也支持多个test命令，最后一个命令的退出状态码决定了bash shell是否执行。

#!/bin/bash
# using the until command

var1=100

until echo $var1
      [ $var1 -eq 0 ]
do
   echo Inside the loop: $var1
   var1=$[ $var1 - 25 ]
done

嵌套循环

#!/bin/bash
# using until and while loops

var1=3

until [ $var1 -eq 0 ]
do
   echo "Outer loop: $var1"
   var2=1
   while [ $var2 -lt 5 ]
   do
      var3=$(echo "scale=4; $var1 / $var2" | bc)
      echo "   Inner loop: $var1 / $var2 = $var3"
      var2=$[ $var2 + 1 ]
   done
   var1=$[ $var1 - 1 ]
done

执行结果

Outer loop: 3
   Inner loop: 3 / 1 = 3.0000
   Inner loop: 3 / 2 = 1.5000
   Inner loop: 3 / 3 = 1.0000
   Inner loop: 3 / 4 = .7500
Outer loop: 2
   Inner loop: 2 / 1 = 2.0000
   Inner loop: 2 / 2 = 1.0000
   Inner loop: 2 / 3 = .6666
   Inner loop: 2 / 4 = .5000
Outer loop: 1
   Inner loop: 1 / 1 = 1.0000
   Inner loop: 1 / 2 = .5000
   Inner loop: 1 / 3 = .3333
   Inner loop: 1 / 4 = .2500