一 Ribbon简介
Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后,Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法,自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法,例如轮询、随机等。当然,我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中,当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时,Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表,并基于负载均衡算法,请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/991ce1e5c8e16854c1199c896bc38223.png)
二 新建microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon项目
1 为RestTemplate添加注解@LoadBalanced
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerMovieApplication {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerMovieApplication.class, args);
}
}
2 修改Controller代码
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.itmuch.cloud.study.user.entity.User;
@RestController
public class MovieController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MovieController.class);
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
//VIP:virtual IP
return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-provider-user/" + id, User.class);
}
@GetMapping("/log-user-instance")
public void logUserInstance() {
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-provider-user");
// 打印当前选择的是哪个节点
MovieController.LOGGER.info("{}:{}:{}", serviceInstance.getServiceId(), serviceInstance.getHost(), serviceInstance.getPort());
}
}
3 配置文件
server:
port: 8010
spring:
application:
name: microservice-consumer-movie
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
三 测试
- 启动eureka微服务
- 启动movie-ribbon微服务
- 启动一个user微服务
测试结果:
4 启动另外一个user微服务方法
修改user微服务的端口如下:
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: microservice-provider-user
jpa:
generate-ddl: false
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: none
datasource: # 指定数据源
platform: h2 # 指定数据源类型
schema: classpath:schema.sql # 指定h2数据库的建表脚本
data: classpath:data.sql # 指定h2数据库的数据脚本
logging: # 配置日志级别,让hibernate打印出执行的SQL
level:
root: INFO
org.hibernate: INFO
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE
eureka:
client:
healthcheck:
enabled: true
serviceUrl:
defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
#defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
启动第2个user微服务后
5 9次访问http://localhost:8010/user/1 ,可以得出ribbon默认采用轮询的方式进行负载均衡
5次访问8000端口
2018-06-16 08:56:41.277 INFO 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2018-06-16 08:56:41.277 INFO 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2018-06-16 08:56:41.315 INFO 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 38 ms
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:41.439 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:41.454 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:41.455 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:41.455 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:56:41.457 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:49.171 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:49.171 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:49.171 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:49.172 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:56:49.172 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:53.448 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:53.448 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:53.448 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:53.448 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:56:53.449 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:57.129 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:57.130 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:57.130 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:57.130 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:56:57.130 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
2018-06-16 08:58:45.337 INFO 3396 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
4次访问8001端口
2018-06-16 08:56:39.230 INFO 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2018-06-16 08:56:39.231 INFO 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2018-06-16 08:56:39.423 INFO 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 192 ms
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:39.553 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:39.567 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:39.568 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:39.569 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [瀵姳绗乚
2018-06-16 08:56:39.569 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:44.995 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:44.996 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:44.996 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:44.996 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [瀵姳绗乚
2018-06-16 08:56:44.996 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [瀵姳绗乚
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:55.351 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:55.352 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:55.352 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:55.352 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [瀵姳绗乚
2018-06-16 08:56:55.352 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
2018-06-16 08:57:11.589 INFO 11828 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
2018-06-16 09:02:11.591 INFO 11828 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
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