什么是反射?
Java语言允许通过程序化的方式间接对Class进行操作。Class文件由类装载器装在后,在JVM中将形成一份描述Class结构的元信息对象,通过该元信息对象可以获知Class的结构信息,如构造函数、属性和方法等。Java允许用户借由这个与Class相关的元信息对象间接调用Class对象的功能,这就是反射。
一个简单的实例
定义一个简单的汽车类,其拥有两个构造函数,一个方法和三个属性
public class Car {
private String brand;
private String color;
private int maxSpeed;
public Car() {
}
public Car(String brand, String color, int maxSpeed) {
this.brand = brand;
this.color = color;
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
public void introduce() {
System.out.println("brand='" + brand + ", color='" + color + ", maxSpeed=" + maxSpeed);
}
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public int getMaxSpeed() {
return maxSpeed;
}
public void setMaxSpeed(int maxSpeed) {
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
}
一般情况下,我们可以直接通过new关键字创建Car的实例。下面我们通过Java反射机制以一种间接的方式操控目标类:
public class ReflectTest {
public static Car initByDefaultConst() throws Throwable {
//通过类装载器获得Car类对象
ClassLoader loader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
Class clazz = loader.loadClass("ProficientSpring.Chapter4.Car");
//注意:装载类时要写全限定类名
//获取类的默认构造器对象并通过它实例化Car
//(1)无参构造方法
Constructor cons= clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
Car car = (Car) cons.newInstance();
/*
//(2)有参构造方法
Constructor cons= clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,String.class,int.class);
Car car = (Car) cons.newInstance("123","123",123);
*/
//通过反射方法设置属性
Method setBrand = clazz.getMethod("setBrand", String.class);
setBrand.invoke(car, "红旗CA73");
Method setColor = clazz.getMethod("setColor", String.class);
setColor.invoke(car, "黑色");
Method setMaxSpeed = clazz.getMethod("setMaxSpeed", int.class);
setMaxSpeed.invoke(car, 200);
return car;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
Car car=initByDefaultConst();
car.introduce();
}
}