java CompletableFuture详解

CompletableFuture 使用详解

话不多说，直接上代码：

    public static void test5() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(30);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("run end.......");
        });

//        future.get();
    }

    public static void test6() throws Exception {
        List<CompletableFuture> list = new ArrayList(10);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
//                System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>");
                return "ad";
            });
            list.add(future);
        }
        int js = 0;
        for (CompletableFuture completableFuture : list) {
            completableFuture.get();
//            System.out.println("是否获取到了"+completableFuture.isDone());
            if (completableFuture.isDone()) {
                System.out.println(++js);
//                System.out.println("是否获取到了"+completableFuture.isDone());
                System.out.println("返回的结果" + completableFuture.get());
            } else {
                System.out.println("未获取到------------------------------->");
            }
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------->>>>>>>>end");

    }

    /**
     * 当CompletableFuture的计算结果完成，或者抛出异常的时候，可以执行特定的Action。主要是下面的方法：
     *
     * 可以看到Action的类型是BiConsumer<? super T,? super Throwable>它可以处理正常的计算结果，或者异常情况。
     * whenComplete 和 whenCompleteAsync 的区别：
     * whenComplete：是执行当前任务的线程执行继续执行 whenComplete 的任务。
     * whenCompleteAsync：是执行把 whenCompleteAsync 这个任务继续提交给线程池来进行执行。
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void test7() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (true) {
                int c = 12 / 0; //抛异常
            }
            System.out.println("run end.......");
        });
//        BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> biConsumer = ;

        future.whenComplete(new BiConsumer<Void, Throwable>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(Void aVoid, Throwable cc) {
                System.out.println("完成任务");
            }
        });
        future.get();

    }

    public static void test8() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (3 > 2) {
                int c = 12 / 0; //抛异常
            }
            System.out.println("run end.......");
            return "第一个结束";
        });
//        BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> biConsumer = ;

        future.whenComplete(new BiConsumer<String, Throwable>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(String s, Throwable throwable) {
                System.out.println(s);
                System.out.println("完成任务");
                System.out.println(throwable);
                if (null != throwable) {
                    System.out.println("捕获异常");
                }
            }
        });
        //只阻塞future.whenComplete  不阻塞，future.whenCompleteAsync
        String res = future.get();
        System.out.println(res);
    }


    public static void test9() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (3 > 2) {
                int c = 12 / 0; //抛异常
            }
            System.out.println("run end.......");
            return "第一个结束";
        });
//        future.whenComplete(new BiConsumer<String, Throwable>() {
//            @Override
//            public void accept(String s, Throwable throwable) {
//                System.out.println("处理结束任务");
//                System.out.println(s);
//                System.out.println("完成任务");
//                System.out.println(throwable);
//                if(null!=throwable){
//                    System.out.println("捕获异常");
//                }
//            }
//        });
        future.exceptionally(new Function<Throwable, String>() {
            @Override
            public String apply(Throwable throwable) {
                System.out.println("exceptionally   执行报异常~~");
                return "exceptionally异常返回";
            }
        });
    }

    public static void test_10() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Long> futures = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (1 > 2) {
                int c = 12 / 0; //抛异常
            }
            System.out.println("run end.......");
            return 1L;
        }).thenApply(new Function<Long, Long>() {
            @Override
            public Long apply(Long aLong) {
                System.out.println("当前任务的事务~~~~");
                long res = aLong * 5;
                System.out.println("当前的结果~~~" + res);
                return res;
            }
        });

        /**
         *   只阻塞future.whenComplete  不阻塞，future.whenCompleteAsync
         */

        long result = futures.get();
        System.out.println(result);
    }


    /**
     * 3、 thenApply 方法
     * 当一个线程依赖另一个线程时，可以使用 thenApply 方法来把这两个线程串行化。
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void test_11() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Long> futures = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (1 > 2) {
                int c = 12 / 0; //抛异常
            }
            System.out.println("run end.......");
            return 1L;
        }).thenApply(new Function<Long, Long>() {
            @Override
            public Long apply(Long aLong) {
                System.out.println("当前任务的事务~~~~");
                long res = aLong * 5;
                System.out.println("当前的结果~~~" + res);
                return res;
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * handle 方法
     * handle 是执行任务完成时对结果的处理。
     * handle 方法和 thenApply 方法处理方式基本一样。不同的是 handle 是在任务完成后再执行，还可以处理异常的任务。thenApply 只可以执行正常的任务，任务出现异常则不执行 thenApply 方法。
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void test_12() throws Exception {
            CompletableFuture<Integer> futures = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
                @Override
                public Integer get() {
                    int i=10/1;
                    return 3;
                }
            }).handle(new BiFunction<Integer, Throwable, Integer>() {
                @Override
                public Integer apply(Integer integer, Throwable throwable) {
                    int result=1;
                    if(null==throwable){
                        result=integer*2;
                        System.out.println("乘以2之后的结果："+result);
                    }else{
                        System.out.println(throwable.getMessage());
                    }
                    return result;
                }
            });


            //只阻塞future.whenComplete  不阻塞，future.whenCompleteAsync
        long results = futures.get();
        System.out.println(results);
    }

    /**
     *thenAccept 消费处理结果,接收任务的处理结果，并消费处理，无返回结果。
     * 该方法只是消费执行完成的任务，并可以根据上面的任务返回的结果进行处理。并没有后续的输错操作。
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void test_13() throws Throwable {
        CompletableFuture<Void> futures = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int i=10/1;
                return 3;
            }
        }).thenAccept(new Consumer<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(Integer integer) {
                integer=integer+3;
                System.out.println(""+integer);
            }
        });
        //只阻塞future.whenComplete  不阻塞，future.whenCompleteAsync
        System.out.println( futures.get());

    }

    /**
     * 该方法同 thenAccept 方法类似。不同的是上个任务处理完成后，并不会把计算的结果传给 thenRun 方法。只是处理玩任务后，执行 thenAccept 的后续操作。
     * @throws Throwable
     */
    public static void test_14() throws Throwable {
        CompletableFuture<Void> integerCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int i = 10 / 1;
                return 3;
            }
        }).thenRun(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("thenRun---》执行中。。。");
            }
        });
        //只阻塞future.whenComplete  不阻塞，future.whenCompleteAsync
        System.out.println( integerCompletableFuture.get());

    }


    /**
     * thenCombine 会把 两个 CompletionStage 的任务都执行完成后，把两个任务的结果一块交给 thenCombine 来处理。
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void thenCombine() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<String> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
            @Override
            public String get() {
                return "hello";
            }
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
            @Override
            public String get() {
                return "world";
            }
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> result = future1.thenCombine(future2, new BiFunction<String, String, String>() {
            @Override
            public String apply(String t, String u) {
                return t+" "+u;
            }
        });
        System.out.println(result.get());
    }

    /**
     * 当两个CompletionStage都执行完成后，把结果一块交给thenAcceptBoth来进行消耗
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void thenAcceptBoth() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f1="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });

        CompletableFuture<Integer> f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f2="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });
        System.out.println(f1.get());

        System.out.println(f2.get());
        f1.thenAcceptBoth(f2, new BiConsumer<Integer, Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(Integer t, Integer u) {
                System.out.println("f1="+t+";f2="+u+";");
            }
        });


    }

    /**
     * applyToEither 方法
     * 两个CompletionStage，谁执行返回的结果快，我就用那个CompletionStage的结果进行下一步的转化操作。
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void applyToEither() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f1="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });
        CompletableFuture<Integer> f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f2="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });
        f2.get();
        f1.get();
        CompletableFuture<Integer> result = f1.applyToEither(f2, new Function<Integer, Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer apply(Integer t) {
                System.out.println(t);
                return t * 2;
            }
        });

        System.out.println("applyToEither--->"+result.get());
    }

    /**
     * acceptEither 方法
     * 两个CompletionStage，谁执行返回的结果快，我就用那个CompletionStage的结果进行下一步的消耗操作
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void acceptEither() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f1="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });

        CompletableFuture<Integer> f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f2="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });
        f1.get();
        f2.get();
        f1.acceptEither(f2, new Consumer<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(Integer t) {
                System.out.println(t);
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * runAfterEither 方法
     * 两个CompletionStage，任何一个完成了都会执行下一步的操作（Runnable）
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void runAfterEither() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f1="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });

        CompletableFuture<Integer> f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f2="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });
        f1.runAfterEither(f2, new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("上面有一个已经完成了。");
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * runAfterBoth
     * 两个CompletionStage，都完成了计算才会执行下一步的操作（Runnable）
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void runAfterBoth() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f1="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });

        CompletableFuture<Integer> f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer get() {
                int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("f2="+t);
                return t;
            }
        });
        f1.get();
        f2.get();
        f1.runAfterBoth(f2, new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("上面两个任务都执行完成了。");
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * thenCompose 方法
     * thenCompose 方法允许你对两个 CompletionStage 进行流水线操作，第一个操作完成时，将其结果作为参数传递给第二个操作。
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void thenCompose() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> integerCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
            System.out.println("1");
            return t;
        }).thenCompose(new Function<Integer, CompletionStage<Integer>>() {
            @Override
            public CompletionStage<Integer> apply(Integer param) {
                return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
                    @Override
                    public Integer get() {
                        int t = param *2;
                        System.out.println("t2="+t);
                        return t;
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

    private static void thenCompose1() throws Exception {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> integerCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
            System.out.println("1");
            return t;
        }).thenCompose(param -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            int t = param *2;
            System.out.println("t2="+t);
            return t;
        }));
    }

ref:https://www.jianshu.com/p/6bac52527ca4