JS原理题

-实现一个call函数

// 思路：将要改变this指向的方法挂到目标this上执行并返回
Function.prototype.mycall = function (context) {
  if (typeof this !== 'function') {
    throw new TypeError('not funciton')
  }
  context = context || window
  context.fn = this
  let arg = [...arguments].slice(1)
  let result = context.fn(...arg)
  delete context.fn
  return result
} 

• 实现一个apply函数

// 思路：将要改变this指向的方法挂到目标this上执行并返回
Function.prototype.myapply = function (context) {
  if (typeof this !== 'function') {
    throw new TypeError('not funciton')
  }
  context = context || window
  context.fn = this
  let result
  if (arguments[1]) {
    result = context.fn(...arguments[1])
  } else {
    result = context.fn()
  }
  delete context.fn
  return result
}

• 实现一个bind函数

// 思路：类似call，但返回的是函数
Function.prototype.mybind = function (context) {
  if (typeof this !== 'function') {
    throw new TypeError('Error')
  }
  let _this = this
  let arg = [...arguments].slice(1)
  return function F() {
    // 处理函数使用new的情况
    if (this instanceof F) {
      return new _this(...arg, ...arguments)
    } else {
      return _this.apply(context, arg.concat(...arguments))
    }
  }
}

• instanceof的原理

// 思路：右边变量的原型存在于左边变量的原型链上
function instanceOf(left, right) {
  let leftValue = left.__proto__
  let rightValue = right.prototype
  while (true) {
    if (leftValue === null) {
      return false
    }
    if (leftValue === rightValue) {
      return true
    }
    leftValue = leftValue.__proto__
  }
}

• Object.create的基本实现原理

// 思路：将传入的对象作为原型
function create(obj) {
  function F() {}
  F.prototype = obj
  return new F()

• new本质

function myNew (fun) {
  return function () {
    // 创建一个新对象且将其隐式原型指向构造函数原型
    let obj = {
      __proto__ : fun.prototype
    }
    // 执行构造函数
    fun.call(obj, ...arguments)
    // 返回该对象
    return obj
  }
}

function person(name, age) {
  this.name = name
  this.age = age
}
let obj = myNew(person)('chen', 18) // {name: "chen", age: 18}

• 实现一个基本的Promise

// 未添加异步处理等其他边界情况
// ①自动执行函数，②三个状态，③then
class Promise {
  constructor (fn) {
    // 三个状态
    this.state = 'pending'
    this.value = undefined
    this.reason = undefined
    let resolve = value => {
      if (this.state === 'pending') {
        this.state = 'fulfilled'
        this.value = value
      }
    }
    let reject = value => {
      if (this.state === 'pending') {
        this.state = 'rejected'
        this.reason = value
      }
    }
    // 自动执行函数
    try {
      fn(resolve, reject)
    } catch (e) {
      reject(e)
    }
  }
  // then
  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    switch (this.state) {
      case 'fulfilled':
        onFulfilled()
        break
      case 'rejected':
        onRejected()
        break
      default:
    }
  }
}

• 实现浅拷贝

// 1. ...实现
let copy1 = {...{x:1}}

// 2. Object.assign实现

let copy2 = Object.assign({}, {x:1})

• 实现一个基本的深拷贝

// 1. JOSN.stringify()/JSON.parse()
let obj = {a: 1, b: {x: 3}}
JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))

// 2. 递归拷贝
function deepClone(obj) {
  let copy = obj instanceof Array ? [] : {}
  for (let i in obj) {
    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
      copy[i] = typeof obj[i] === 'object' ? deepClone(obj[i]) : obj[i]
    }
  }
  return copy
}

• 使用setTimeout模拟setInterval

// 可避免setInterval因执行时间导致的间隔执行时间不一致
setTimeout (function () {
  // do something
  setTimeout (arguments.callee, 500)
}, 500)

• js实现一个继承方法

// 借用构造函数继承实例属性
function Child () {
  Parent.call(this)
}
// 寄生继承原型属性
(function () {
  let Super = function () {}
  Super.prototype = Parent.prototype
  Child.prototype = new Super()
})()

• 实现一个双向数据绑定

let obj = {}
let input = document.getElementById('input')
let span = document.getElementById('span')
// 数据劫持
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'text', {
  configurable: true,
  enumerable: true,
  get() {
    console.log('获取数据了')
    return obj['text']
  },
  set(newVal) {
    console.log('数据更新了')
    input.value = newVal
    span.innerHTML = newVal
  }
})
// 输入监听
input.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
  obj.text = e.target.value
})

-实现一个简单路由

// hash路由
class Route{
  constructor(){
    // 路由存储对象
    this.routes = {}
    // 当前hash
    this.currentHash = ''
    // 绑定this，避免监听时this指向改变
    this.freshRoute = this.freshRoute.bind(this)
    // 监听
    window.addEventListener('load', this.freshRoute, false)
    window.addEventListener('hashchange', this.freshRoute, false)
  }
  // 存储
  storeRoute (path, cb) {
    this.routes[path] = cb || function () {}
  }
  // 更新
  freshRoute () {
    this.currentHash = location.hash.slice(1) || '/'
    this.routes[this.currentHash]()
  }   
}

• 实现懒加载

<ul>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/1.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/2.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/3.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/4.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/5.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/6.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/7.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/8.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/9.png" alt=""></li>
  <li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/10.png" alt=""></li>
</ul>

let imgs =  document.querySelectorAll('img')
// 可视区高度
let clientHeight = window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight || document.body.clientHeight
function lazyLoad () {
  // 滚动卷去的高度
  let scrollTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop
  for (let i = 0; i < imgs.length; i ++) {
    // 得到图片顶部距离可视区顶部的距离
    let x = clientHeight + scrollTop - imgs[i].offsetTop
    // 图片在可视区内
    if (x > 0 && x < clientHeight+imgs[i].height) {
      imgs[i].src = imgs[i].getAttribute('data')
    } 
  }      
}
// addEventListener('scroll', lazyLoad) or setInterval(lazyLoad, 1000)

• rem基本设置

// 原始配置
function setRem () {
  let doc = document.documentElement
  let width = doc.getBoundingClientRect().width
  // 假设设计稿为宽750，则1rem代表10px
  let rem = width / 75
  doc.style.fontSize = rem + 'px'
}
// 监听窗口变化
addEventListener("resize", setRem)

• 实现拖拽

window.onload = function () {
  // drag处于绝对定位状态
  let drag = document.getElementById('box')
  drag.onmousedown = function(e) {
    var e = e || window.event
    // 鼠标与拖拽元素边界的距离 = 鼠标与可视区边界的距离 - 拖拽元素与边界的距离
    let diffX = e.clientX - drag.offsetLeft
    let diffY = e.clientY - drag.offsetTop
    drag.onmousemove = function (e) {
      // 拖拽元素移动的距离 = 鼠标与可视区边界的距离 - 鼠标与拖拽元素边界的距离
      let left = e.clientX - diffX
      let top = e.clientY - diffY
      // 避免拖拽出可视区
      if (left < 0) {
        left = 0
      } else if (left > window.innerWidth - drag.offsetWidth) {
        left = window.innerWidth - drag.offsetWidth
      }
      if (top < 0) {
        top = 0
      } else if (top > window.innerHeight - drag.offsetHeight) {
        top = window.innerHeight - drag.offsetHeight
      }
      drag.style.left = left + 'px'
      drag.style.top = top + 'px'
    }
    drag.onmouseup = function (e) {
      this.onmousemove = null
      this.onmouseup = null
    }
  }
}

• 实现一个节流函数

// 思路：在规定时间内只触发一次
function throttle (fn, delay) {
  // 利用闭包保存时间
  let prev = Date.now()
  return function () {
    let context = this
    let arg = arguments
    let now = Date.now()
    if (now - prev >= delay) {
      fn.apply(context, arg)
      prev = Date.now()
    }
  }
}

function fn () {
  console.log('节流')
}
addEventListener('scroll', throttle(fn, 1000)) 

• 实现一个防抖函数

// 思路:在规定时间内未触发第二次，则执行
function debounce (fn, delay) {
  // 利用闭包保存定时器
  let timer = null
  return function () {
    let context = this
    let arg = arguments
    // 在规定时间内再次触发会先清除定时器后再重设定时器
    clearTimeout(timer)
    timer = setTimeout(function () {
      fn.apply(context, arg)
    }, delay)
  }
}

function fn () {
  console.log('防抖')
}
addEventListener('scroll', debounce(fn, 1000))