在进行浮点数精度计算时,很容易就会出现得到数据不一致问题。
Java 语言支持两种基本的浮点类型: float 和 double ,以及与它们对应的包装类 Float 和 Double 。它们都依据 IEEE 754 标准,该标准用科学记数法以底数为 2 的小数来表示浮点数。
下面来看两段代码,及其计算结果:
使用 double 传参的时候会产生不可预期的结果,比如说 0.1 实际的值是 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625,说白了,这还是精度的问题。(既然如此,为什么不废弃呢?)
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public class T {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BigDecimal a = new BigDecimal(1);
BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal(0.9);
BigDecimal c = new BigDecimal(0.8);
BigDecimal d = new BigDecimal(0.7);
System.out.println(a.subtract(b));
System.out.println(c.subtract(d));
}
}
看一下官方文档
BigDecimal(double val)
The results of this constructor can be somewhat unpredictable. One might assume that
writing new BigDecimal(0.1) in Java creates a BigDecimal which is exactly equal to 0.1 (an
unscaled value of 1, with a scale of 1), but it is actually equal to
0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625. This is because 0.1 cannot be
represented exactly as a double (or, for that matter, as a binary fraction of any finite
length). Thus, the value that is being passed in to the constructor is not exactly equal to
0.1, appearances notwithstanding.
使用字符串传参的时候会产生预期的结果,比如说 new BigDecimal("0.1")
的实际结果就是 0.1。
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public class T {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BigDecimal a = new BigDecimal("1");
BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal("0.9");
BigDecimal c = new BigDecimal("0.8");
BigDecimal d = new BigDecimal("0.7");
System.out.println(a.subtract(b));
System.out.println(c.subtract(d));
}
}
总结:如果必须将一个 double 作为参数传递给 BigDecimal 的话,建议传递该 double 值匹配的字符串值。