之前在一次面试中被问道flex布局较普遍CSS布局的优点在什么地方,就个人经历而言,flex布局比普通CSS布局简便很多,比如我们要进行一个简单的一行四个li的无序列表的排列,要求相邻li元素间隔自适应,首尾元素要与ul容器没有间隙,效果图如下:
普通CSS布局为:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>1</title>
<style>
#box {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 2px solid slategrey;
list-style-type: none;
}
.item {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
background: salmon;
float: left;
margin-right: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<ul id="box">
<li class="item"></li>
<li class="item"></li>
<li class="item"></li>
<li class="item" style="margin-right: 0px;"></li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
首先将li元素设置float:left,在已知ul宽度和li宽度的情况下要计算处相邻li之间的间隔宽度,本例中则是300px-4*60px=60px,因为四个元素间有三个间隔故60px*3=20px,这才计算出相邻li的间隔宽度,并为li元素设置margin-right:20px。又不能让最后一个元素因为超出父元素宽度而换行,则需在标签上直接设置style="margin-right:0px;"覆盖首部样式表里的设置,整个过程相当繁琐。
若使用flex布局,实现这一布局就显得轻松多了:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>1</title>
<style>
#box {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 2px solid slategrey;
list-style-type: none;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.item {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
background: salmon;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<ul id="box">
<li class="item"></li>
<li class="item"></li>
<li class="item"></li>
<li class="item"></li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
flex布局中简单设置两个属性就可以达到我们想要的效果,即简便也不用计算间隔宽度
flex布局实现筛子里的一、二、三、四点
结果:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>1</title>
<style>
#box {
display: flex;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 2px solid slategrey;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
.item {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
background: salmon;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
结果:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>2</title>
<style>
#box {
display: flex;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 2px solid slategrey;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-around;
align-items: center;
}
.item {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
background: salmon;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
结果:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>3</title>
<style>
#box {
display: flex;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 2px solid slategrey;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.item {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
background: salmon;
}
.item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
.item:nth-child(3) {
align-self: flex-end;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
结果:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>4</title>
<style>
#box {
display: flex;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 2px solid slategrey;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-around;
}
.item-box {
display: flex;
flex-basis: 100%; /*关键的设置*/
justify-content: space-around;
}
.item {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
background: salmon;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div class="item-box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="item-box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>